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Adelaide-class frigate

From Wikipedia, in a visual modern way
HMAS Darwin F-04.jpg
HMAS Darwin, the fourth ship in the Adelaide class
Class overview
NameAdelaide-class Guided Missile Frigate
Builders
Operators
Preceded byDaring-class destroyer
Succeeded byHobart-class destroyer
Built21 June 1978 – 21 February 1992
In service15 November 1980 – 27 September 2019
In commission15 November 1980 – 26 October 2019
Completed6
Retired4
General characteristics
Class and typeModified Oliver Hazard Perry-class guided missile frigate
Displacement4,100 tons full load
Length
  • 408 ft (124 m) at waterline
  • 455 ft (139 m) overall
Beam45 ft (14 m)
Draught22 ft (6.7 m)
Propulsion2 × General Electric LM2500 gas turbines, each providing 20,500 hp (15,287 kW). Total 41,000 hp (30,574 kW)
SpeedOver 29 knots (54 km/h; 33 mph)
Range4,500 nautical miles (8,300 km; 5,200 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph)
Complement176–221
Sensors and
processing systems		AN/SPS-49 radar, Mk 92 fire control system, AN/SPS-55 radar, AN/SQS-56 sonar
Armament
Aircraft carried2 × S-70B Seahawk or 1 × Seahawk and 1 × AS350B Squirrel
NotesMk 41 VLS and ESSM capability installed during the FFG Upgrade project

The Adelaide class of six guided missile frigates was constructed in Australia and the United States of America for service in the Royal Australian Navy. Two were later sold to the Chilean Navy.

The Adelaide class was based on the United States Navy's Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates,but modified for Australian requirements. The first four vessels were built in the United States, and the final two were constructed in Australia. The first ship entered service in November 1980.

Canberra and Adelaide were paid off in 2005 and 2008, respectively, and later sunk as dive wrecks. Their decommissioning offset the cost of a A$1 billion weapons and equipment upgrade to the remaining four ships. As the Hobart-class air-warfare destroyers entered service beginning in 2016, the remaining Adelaide class ships were progressively decommissioned beginning with Sydney in 2015. Darwin followed in 2017, and Newcastle and Melbourne went last in 2019. The final two were sold to Chile in 2020.

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Royal Australian Navy

Royal Australian Navy

The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the naval force of the Australian Defence Force (ADF). The professional head of the RAN is Chief of Navy (CN) Vice Admiral Mark Hammond AM, RAN. CN is also jointly responsible to the Minister of Defence (MINDEF) and the Chief of Defence Force (CDF). The Department of Defence as part of the Australian Public Service administers the ADF.

United States Navy

United States Navy

The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage of its active battle fleet alone exceeding the next 13 navies combined, including 11 allies or partner nations of the United States as of 2015. It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world's largest aircraft carrier fleet, with eleven in service, two new carriers under construction, and five other carriers planned. With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve, the United States Navy is the third largest of the United States military service branches in terms of personnel. It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 2,623 operational aircraft as of June 2019.

Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigate

Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigate

The Oliver Hazard Perry class is a class of guided-missile frigates named after U.S. Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, the hero of the naval Battle of Lake Erie. Also known as the Perry or FFG-7 class, the warships were designed in the United States in the mid-1970s as general-purpose escort vessels inexpensive enough to be bought in large numbers to replace World War II-era destroyers and complement 1960s-era Knox-class frigates.

Hobart-class destroyer

Hobart-class destroyer

The Hobart class is a ship class of three air warfare destroyers (AWDs) built for the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Planning for ships to replace the Adelaide-class frigates and restore the capability last exhibited by the Perth-class destroyers began by 2000, initially under acquisition project SEA 1400, which was re-designated SEA 4000. Although the designation "Air Warfare Destroyer" is used to describe ships dedicated to the defence of a naval force from aircraft and missile attack, the planned Australian destroyers are expected to also operate in anti-surface, anti-submarine, and naval gunfire support roles.

Construction and acquisition

HMAS Adelaide, the first ship of the class, in 1982
HMAS Adelaide, the first ship of the class, in 1982

Following the cancellation of the Australian light destroyer project in 1973, the British Type 42 destroyer and the American Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigate were identified as alternatives.[1] Although the Type 42 met the RAN's requirements as a replacement for the cancelled light destroyers and the Daring-class destroyers, fitting the ship with the SM-1 missile would have been difficult.[1] On the other hand, the Perry class was still at the design stage; a design that was described by assessment project staff as "a second rate escort that falls short of the DDL [light destroyer] requirements on virtually every respect".[1][2] Despite this, the Australian government approved the purchase of two US-built Perry-class ships in 1974.[1]

The risk of acquiring an unproven design was seen as acceptable because of the success of the USN's Charles F. Adams-class destroyer (of which the RAN operated three ships as the Perth class), when compared to the equivalent British ships the RAN would have purchased.[2] Final government approval to order two ships was granted in 1976, with a third ship ordered in 1977.[3] The order was expanded in April 1980 with the order of a fourth unit.[4] These four ships were built by Todd Pacific Shipyards of Seattle, Washington, as part of the USN's shipbuilding program, and were assigned USN hull numbers during construction, which were replaced with RAN pennant numbers upon entering service.[5] The first, HMAS Adelaide (USN hull number FFG-17, RAN pennant number FFG 01) was built to the Flight I design, while Canberra (FFG-18/FFG 02) and Sydney (FFG-35/FFG 03) were the first and last ships of the Flight II design, respectively.[5] The final American-built ship was Darwin (FFG-44/FFG 04); constructed to the Flight III design.[5] In 1980, two more ships (Melbourne and Newcastle) were ordered, but were built in Australia by AMECON of Williamstown, Victoria, and did not receive USN numbers.[4][5]

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Australian light destroyer project

Australian light destroyer project

The Australian light destroyer project aimed to build a class of small destroyers for the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). The project began in 1966 with the goal of developing simple light destroyers (DDL) to support patrol boat operations. The project was rescoped in 1969 when the Navy decided to use the ships to replace other destroyers as they retired, leading to an increase in the design's size and complexity. Concerns over the ships' cost and technological risk led the government to cancel the DDL project in 1973 on the RAN's advice, and a variant of the United States' Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigate was procured instead.

Type 42 destroyer

Type 42 destroyer

The Type 42 or Sheffield class, was a class of fourteen guided-missile destroyers that served in the Royal Navy. A further two ships of this class were built for and served with the Argentine Navy.

Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigate

Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigate

The Oliver Hazard Perry class is a class of guided-missile frigates named after U.S. Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, the hero of the naval Battle of Lake Erie. Also known as the Perry or FFG-7 class, the warships were designed in the United States in the mid-1970s as general-purpose escort vessels inexpensive enough to be bought in large numbers to replace World War II-era destroyers and complement 1960s-era Knox-class frigates.

Daring-class destroyer (1949)

Daring-class destroyer (1949)

The Daring class was a class of eleven destroyers built for the Royal Navy (RN) and Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Constructed after World War II, and entering service during the 1950s, eight ships were constructed for the RN, and three ships for the RAN. Two of the RN destroyers were subsequently sold to and served in the Peruvian Navy (MGP). A further eight ships were planned for the RN but were cancelled before construction commenced, while a fourth RAN vessel was begun but was cancelled before launch and broken up on the slipway.

RIM-66 Standard

RIM-66 Standard

The RIM-66 Standard MR (SM-1MR/SM-2MR) is a medium-range surface-to-air missile (SAM), with a secondary role as an anti-ship missile, originally developed for the United States Navy (USN). A member of the Standard Missile family of weapons, the SM-1 was developed as a replacement for the RIM-2 Terrier and RIM-24 Tartar that were deployed in the 1950s on a variety of USN ships. The RIM-67 Standard (SM-1ER/SM-2ER) is an extended range version of this missile with a solid rocket booster stage.

Charles F. Adams-class destroyer

Charles F. Adams-class destroyer

The Charles F. Adams class is a ship class of 29 guided-missile destroyers (DDG) built between 1958 and 1967. Twenty-three were built for the United States Navy, three for the Royal Australian Navy, and three for the West German Bundesmarine. The design of these ships was based on that of Forrest Sherman-class destroyers, but the Charles F. Adams class were the first class designed to serve as guided-missile destroyers. 19 feet (5.8 m) of length was added to the center of the design of the Forrest Sherman class to carry the ASROC launcher. The Charles F. Adams-class were the last steam turbine-powered destroyers built for the U.S. Navy. Starting with the succeeding Spruance-class, all U.S. Navy destroyers have been powered by gas turbines. Some of the U.S. Charles F. Adams class served during the blockade of Cuba in 1962 and during the Vietnam War; those of the Royal Australian Navy served during the Vietnam War and Gulf War.

Perth-class destroyer

Perth-class destroyer

The Perth-class destroyers were three modified Charles F. Adams-class guided missile destroyers operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Ordered from Defoe Shipbuilding Company during 1962 and 1963, HMA Ships Perth, Hobart, and Brisbane were the first guided missiled-armed warships, and the first naval ships of United States design, to enter service with the RAN. All three ships operated during the Vietnam War, while Brisbane also participated in the Gulf War. The class was decommissioned between 1999 and 2001, with all three vessels later sunk as dive wrecks.

Hull number

Hull number

A hull number is a serial identification number given to a boat or ship. For the military, a lower number implies an older vessel. For civilian use, the HIN is used to trace the boat's history. The precise usage varies by country and type.

Pennant number

Pennant number

In the Royal Navy and other navies of Europe and the Commonwealth of Nations, ships are identified by pennant number. Historically, naval ships flew a flag that identified a flotilla or type of vessel. For example, the Royal Navy used a red burgee for torpedo boats and a pennant with an H for torpedo boat destroyers. Adding a number to the type-identifying flag uniquely identified each ship.

Williamstown, Victoria

Williamstown, Victoria

Williamstown is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 11 km (6.8 mi) south-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Hobsons Bay local government area. Williamstown recorded a population of 14,407 at the 2021 census.

Armament

From the withdrawal of the Perth-class destroyers in 2001 until the introduction of the Hobart-class in 2017, these ships were the RAN's primary air defence vessels, armed with a Mark 13 missile launcher for SM-2 missiles. They also have significant anti-surface capability, being armed with a 76-millimetre (3.0 in) Mk 75 gun and the Harpoon ASM (also fired by the Mark 13 launcher), and a pair of triple torpedo tubes for ASW. In addition, two S-70B Seahawk helicopters are carried.

HMAS Canberra firing a Harpoon anti-ship missile
HMAS Canberra firing a Harpoon anti-ship missile

From 2005 onwards, all RAN frigates deploying to the Persian Gulf are fitted with two M2HB .50 calibre machine guns in Mini Typhoon mounts, installed on the aft corners of the hangar roof.[6] Two TopLite EO directors are used with the guns.[6]

The Australian frigates were originally fitted with American Mark 46 anti-submarine torpedoes, but by 2008, they had been replaced with the European MU90 Impact torpedo in three of the four frigates as part of the FFG Upgrade, with the conversion of Newcastle underway at that point.[7]

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Perth-class destroyer

Perth-class destroyer

The Perth-class destroyers were three modified Charles F. Adams-class guided missile destroyers operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Ordered from Defoe Shipbuilding Company during 1962 and 1963, HMA Ships Perth, Hobart, and Brisbane were the first guided missiled-armed warships, and the first naval ships of United States design, to enter service with the RAN. All three ships operated during the Vietnam War, while Brisbane also participated in the Gulf War. The class was decommissioned between 1999 and 2001, with all three vessels later sunk as dive wrecks.

Mark 13 missile launcher

Mark 13 missile launcher

The Mark 13 guided missile launching system (GMLS) is a single-arm missile launcher designed for use on frigates and other military vessels. Because of its distinctive single-armed design, the Mark 13 is often referred to as the "one-armed bandit".

RIM-66 Standard

RIM-66 Standard

The RIM-66 Standard MR (SM-1MR/SM-2MR) is a medium-range surface-to-air missile (SAM), with a secondary role as an anti-ship missile, originally developed for the United States Navy (USN). A member of the Standard Missile family of weapons, the SM-1 was developed as a replacement for the RIM-2 Terrier and RIM-24 Tartar that were deployed in the 1950s on a variety of USN ships. The RIM-67 Standard (SM-1ER/SM-2ER) is an extended range version of this missile with a solid rocket booster stage.

Anti-submarine warfare

Anti-submarine warfare

Anti-submarine warfare is a branch of underwater warfare that uses surface warships, aircraft, submarines, or other platforms, to find, track, and deter, damage, or destroy enemy submarines. Such operations are typically carried out to protect friendly shipping and coastal facilities from submarine attacks and to overcome blockades.

Persian Gulf

Persian Gulf

The Persian Gulf, sometimes called the Arabian Gulf, is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The body of water is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. It is connected to the Gulf of Oman in the east by the Strait of Hormuz. The Shatt al-Arab river delta forms the northwest shoreline.

Mark 46 torpedo

Mark 46 torpedo

The Mark 46 torpedo is the backbone of the United States Navy's lightweight anti-submarine warfare torpedo inventory and is the NATO standard. These aerial torpedoes are designed to attack high-performance submarines. In 1989, an improvement program for the Mod 5 to the Mod 5A and Mod 5A(S) increased its shallow-water performance. The Mark 46 was initially developed as Research Torpedo Concept I, one of several weapons recommended for implementation by Project Nobska, a 1956 summer study on submarine warfare.

MU90 Impact

MU90 Impact

The MU90 Impact is an advanced lightweight anti-submarine torpedo of the 3rd generation developed by France and Italy for navies of France, Italy, Germany, Denmark, Australia and Poland. It is designed to compete with and outperform the United States-built Mark 54 in the anti-submarine role, and has also been developed in a special MU90 Hard Kill version for torpedo anti-torpedo defence. The MU90 is built by EuroTorp, a consortium of French and Italian companies.

Upgrades

There have been two major upgrades distinguishing the Adelaide class from the American Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates.

Lengthening

The first three ships were constructed to the Perry class' 'short' hull design (Flight I and II), with an identical length for both the main deck and the keel.[5] Ships from FFG-36 onwards (including Darwin) were built with an increase in overall length—achieved by angling the transom (the section between the fantail and the keel) to increase the area of the flight deck and allow the operation of Seahawk helicopters.[5] Adelaide, Canberra, and Sydney were later upgraded to match the slightly larger ships, and were fitted with the updated sonars and ESM systems of the Flight III design.[5]

FFG Upgrade

HMAS Sydney's Mk 41 VLS in 2007
HMAS Sydney's Mk 41 VLS in 2007

In the mid-1990s, Paul Keating's Labor government decided to retain the Adelaide-class frigates instead of replacing them with the more expensive and more labour-intensive, but much more capable Kidd-class destroyers that the U.S. Navy was selling off.[8][9] Upgrades to the Perry-class were problematic, due to "little reserved space for growth (39 tons in the original design), and the inflexible, proprietary electronics of the time", such that the "US Navy gave up on the idea of upgrades to face new communications realities and advanced missile threats". The U.S. Navy had decommissioned 25 "FFG-7 Short" ships via "bargain basement sales to allies or outright retirement, after an average of only 18 years of service".[8]

Keating's administration was succeeded by the Liberal government of John Howard, which commenced SEA 1390, also known as the FFG Upgrade Project.[8] Originally costing A$1 billion, which eventually increased to A$1.46 billion, the project included improvements to the combat and fire control system, the sonar suite, and the air defence missiles.[8] The upgrade was for four ships and intended to expand their service life to approximately 2020.[8] The project cost was partly offset by the decommissioning of the two oldest units:[10] Canberra paying off in 2005 and Adelaide in 2008. Modification of each ship took place at Garden Island Dockyard, with Australian Defence Industries (ADI, now Thales Australia) selected as project leader for the upgrade phase of the project.[8]

By January 2008, the FFG Upgrade Project was running at least four years behind schedule.[11] The frigates' anti-missile and anti-torpedo detection and defence systems could not be integrated as intended, leaving the ships vulnerable to attack.[11] The first ship refitted, HMAS Sydney, was initially not accepted back into service by the RAN because of the problems, which also prevented any refitted ship from serving in a combat zone.[9] Australian Defence Association executives and serving navy personnel have blamed both political parties for the problems: while the Howard Liberal government was responsible for the project, the preceding Labor government chose to maintain the frigates instead of replacing them with the Kidd-class destroyers in the early 1990s.[8][9]

Sydney (foreground) and Darwin alongside at Fleet Base East in 2011
Sydney (foreground) and Darwin alongside at Fleet Base East in 2011

By November 2008, Darwin's upgrade had been completed, while the problems experienced with Sydney had been rectified in both ships.[12] It was planned to start deploying these warships to the Gulf in 2009.[12] The RAN and Thales subsequently claimed that the two upgraded ships were the "most capable ships in the history of the RAN", and that once the other two Adelaides were upgraded, the navy would possess the "most lethal frigate fleet on earth".[12] It was reported at the same time that other nations operating guided missile frigates, including the United States, Canada, Greece, and Turkey, were considering similar upgrades.[12]

After the four surviving Adelaide-class ships were refitted, they were capable of firing SM-2MR and RGM-84 Harpoon missiles from the Mark 13 launcher.[8] An 8-cell Mark 41 Vertical Launch System for Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile had also been installed forward of the Mark 13 launcher. The Phalanx CIWS was upgraded to Block 1B, and the torpedoes, missiles, and other ship-mounted weapons were upgraded to the latest versions.[8]

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Transom (nautical)

Transom (nautical)

A transom is the vertical reinforcement which strengthens the stern of a boat. This flat termination of the stern is typically above the waterline.

Paul Keating

Paul Keating

Paul John Keating is an Australian former politician and unionist who was the 24th prime minister of Australia, from 1991 to 1996, holding office as the leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP). He previously was treasurer of Australia in the Hawke government from 1983 to 1991 and as deputy prime minister of Australia from 1990 to 1991.

Kidd-class destroyer

Kidd-class destroyer

The Kidd-class destroyers were a series of four guided-missile destroyers (DDGs) based on the Spruance class. In contrast to their predecessor's focus on anti-submarine warfare, the Kidds were designed as more advanced multipurpose ships with the addition of considerably enhanced anti-aircraft capabilities. Originally ordered for the former Imperial Iranian Navy, the contracts were canceled when the 1979 Iranian Revolution began, and the ships were completed for the United States Navy. They were decommissioned in 1999 and sold to the Republic of China Navy as the Kee Lung class.

John Howard

John Howard

John Winston Howard is an Australian former politician who was the 25th prime minister of Australia, from 1996 to 2007, holding office as leader of the Liberal Party. His eleven-year tenure as prime minister is the second-longest in history, behind only Sir Robert Menzies, who served for eighteen non-consecutive years.

Thales Group

Thales Group

Thales Group is a French multinational company that designs, develops and manufactures electrical systems as well as devices and equipment for the aerospace, defence, transportation and security sectors. The company is headquartered in Paris' business district, La Défense, and its stock is listed on the Euronext Paris.

RIM-66 Standard

RIM-66 Standard

The RIM-66 Standard MR (SM-1MR/SM-2MR) is a medium-range surface-to-air missile (SAM), with a secondary role as an anti-ship missile, originally developed for the United States Navy (USN). A member of the Standard Missile family of weapons, the SM-1 was developed as a replacement for the RIM-2 Terrier and RIM-24 Tartar that were deployed in the 1950s on a variety of USN ships. The RIM-67 Standard (SM-1ER/SM-2ER) is an extended range version of this missile with a solid rocket booster stage.

Phalanx CIWS

Phalanx CIWS

The Phalanx CIWS is a gun-based close-in weapon system to defend military watercraft automatically against incoming threats such as aircraft, missiles, and small boats. It was designed and manufactured by the General Dynamics Corporation, Pomona Division, later a part of Raytheon. Consisting of a radar-guided 20 mm (0.8 in) Vulcan cannon mounted on a swiveling base, the Phalanx has been used by the United States Navy and the naval forces of 15 other countries. The US Navy deploys it on every class of surface combat ship, except the Zumwalt-class destroyer and San Antonio-class amphibious transport dock. Other users include the British Royal Navy, the Royal Australian Navy, the Royal New Zealand Navy, the Royal Canadian Navy and the US Coast Guard.

Fates

Canberra and Adelaide were decommissioned to offset the cost of upgrading the remaining four ships, with Canberra decommissioned on 12 November 2005 and Adelaide on 19 January 2008.[10][13]

Adelaide sinking off Avoca Beach on 13 April 2011
Adelaide sinking off Avoca Beach on 13 April 2011

Canberra was subsequently sunk as a dive wreck on 4 October 2009, 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) off Ocean Grove, Victoria, in 30 metres (98 ft) of water.[14] Adelaide was converted into a dive wreck, but plans to scuttle her off Avoca Beach, New South Wales in April 2010 were postponed following protests by resident action groups and a tribunal hearing, which ordered the removal of wiring and paint from sections of the frigate before she was sunk on 13 April 2011.[15][16][17]

Sydney entered port for the final time in February 2015, but remained commissioned as an alongside training ship until 7 November.[18][19] In May 2017, having not received any offers to convert the hull for use as a dive wreck, Sydney was sold for scrap.[20]

Darwin arrived in Sydney for the last time on 1 November 2017, prior to her decommissioning ceremony on 9 December.[21][22]

The upgraded Adelaide-class frigates were replaced by three new Hobart class Air Warfare Destroyers, equipped with the Aegis combat system, starting around 2016.

In April 2017, the Polish government officially expressed interest in purchasing two of the remaining three frigates when they are retired from service.[23][24] Negotiations between the Australian and Polish Governments for the sale were unsuccessful. In January 2019 the Greek Government sent an expression of interest to the Department of Defence for Melbourne and Newcastle.[25] In May 2019 it was reported that Chile had also showed interest in the two frigates.[26] On 27 December 2019, it was announced that Melbourne and Newcastle had been sold to Chile.

On 15 April 2020 the ships were handed over to the Chilean Navy and renamed "Capitan Prat" FFG-11 (ex HMAS Newcastle), and "Almirante Latorre" FFG-14 (ex HMAS Melbourne)[27]

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Ocean Grove, Victoria

Ocean Grove, Victoria

Ocean Grove is a seaside town in Victoria, Australia, located on the Bellarine Peninsula. At the 2016 census, Ocean Grove had a population of 14,165.

Avoca Beach, New South Wales

Avoca Beach, New South Wales

Avoca Beach is a coastal suburb of the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia, about 95 kilometres (59 mi) north of Sydney. Avoca Beach is primarily a residential suburb, Avoca Beach is also a popular tourist destination. Avoca Beach is known for its surfing and state (regional) surf competitions. Avoca Beach village has a variety of restaurants and cafes as well as a post office, newsagent, pharmacy and mini-mart. Avoca Beach also has a historic cinema, a hotel, bowling club, motel and caravan park. It is located within the Central Coast Council local government area.

Hobart-class destroyer

Hobart-class destroyer

The Hobart class is a ship class of three air warfare destroyers (AWDs) built for the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Planning for ships to replace the Adelaide-class frigates and restore the capability last exhibited by the Perth-class destroyers began by 2000, initially under acquisition project SEA 1400, which was re-designated SEA 4000. Although the designation "Air Warfare Destroyer" is used to describe ships dedicated to the defence of a naval force from aircraft and missile attack, the planned Australian destroyers are expected to also operate in anti-surface, anti-submarine, and naval gunfire support roles.

Chile

Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country located in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. With an area of 756,096 square kilometers (291,930 sq mi) and a population of 17.5 million as of 2017, Chile shares borders with Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. The country also controls several Pacific islands, including Juan Fernández, Isla Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island, and claims about 1,250,000 square kilometers (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica as the Chilean Antarctic Territory. The capital and largest city of Chile is Santiago, and the national language is Spanish.

Ships

Name Pennant number Builder Laid down Launched Commissioned Paid off Status/fate
 Royal Australian Navy
Adelaide FFG 01 Todd Pacific Shipyards, Seattle 29 July 1977 21 June 1978 15 November 1980 19 January 2008 Scuttled as dive wreck, 13 April 2011
Canberra FFG 02 1 March 1978 1 December 1978 21 March 1981 12 November 2005 Scuttled as dive wreck, 4 October 2009
Sydney FFG 03 16 January 1980 26 September 1980 29 January 1983 7 November 2015 Broken up at Henderson, Western Australia[28]
Darwin FFG 04 3 July 1981 26 March 1982 21 July 1984 9 December 2017 Broken up at Henderson, Western Australia[29]
Melbourne FFG 05 AMECON, Williamstown 12 July 1985 5 May 1989 15 February 1992 26 October 2019 Sold to Chile, as "Almirante Latorre"
Newcastle FFG 06 21 July 1989 21 February 1992 11 December 1993 30 June 2019 Sold to Chile, as "Capitan Prat"
 Chilean Navy
Almirante Latorre FFG 14 AMECON, Williamstown 12 July 1985 5 May 1989 15 April 2020 In active service
Capitan Prat FFG 11 21 July 1989 21 February 1992 15 April 2020 In active service

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Royal Australian Navy

Royal Australian Navy

The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the naval force of the Australian Defence Force (ADF). The professional head of the RAN is Chief of Navy (CN) Vice Admiral Mark Hammond AM, RAN. CN is also jointly responsible to the Minister of Defence (MINDEF) and the Chief of Defence Force (CDF). The Department of Defence as part of the Australian Public Service administers the ADF.

HMAS Adelaide (FFG 01)

HMAS Adelaide (FFG 01)

HMAS Adelaide was the lead ship of the Adelaide class of guided missile frigates built for the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), based on the United States Navy's Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates. She was built in the United States and commissioned into the RAN in 1980.

Vigor Shipyards

Vigor Shipyards

Vigor Shipyards is the current entity operating the former Todd Shipyards after its acquisition in 2011. Todd Shipyards was founded in 1916, which owned and operated shipyards on the West Coast of the United States, East Coast of the United States and the Gulf. Todd Shipyards were a major part of the Emergency Shipbuilding Program for World War II.

Seattle

Seattle

Seattle is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States. It is the seat of King County, Washington. With a 2020 population of 737,015, it is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The Seattle metropolitan area's population is 4.02 million, making it the 15th-largest in the United States. Its growth rate of 21.1% between 2010 and 2020 made it one of country's fastest-growing large cities.

HMAS Canberra (FFG 02)

HMAS Canberra (FFG 02)

HMAS Canberra was an Adelaide class guided missile frigate of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Based on the Oliver Hazard Perry class design, Canberra was one of four Adelaide class ships constructed in the United States of America, and one of six to serve in the RAN.

HMAS Sydney (FFG 03)

HMAS Sydney (FFG 03)

HMAS Sydney was an Adelaide-class guided-missile frigate of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). The frigate was one of six modified Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates ordered from 1977 onwards, and the third of four to be constructed in the United States of America. Laid down and launched in 1980, Sydney was named for the capital city of New South Wales, and commissioned into the RAN in 1983.

Henderson, Western Australia

Henderson, Western Australia

Henderson is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Cockburn.

HMAS Darwin (FFG 04)

HMAS Darwin (FFG 04)

HMAS Darwin , named for the capital city of the Northern Territory, was an Adelaide-class guided-missile frigate, formerly in service with the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). One of four ships ordered from the United States, Darwin entered service in 1984. During her career, she has operated in the Persian Gulf, as part of the INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce, and off the Solomon Islands. The frigate underwent a major upgrade during 2007 and 2008. She was decommissioned on 9 December 2017 and was supposed to be scuttled as a dive wreck in Tasmania, but the deal was pulled by the Tasmanian Government and her fate remains uncertain.

HMAS Melbourne (FFG 05)

HMAS Melbourne (FFG 05)

HMAS Melbourne was an Adelaide-class guided-missile frigate of the Royal Australian Navy, which entered service in 1992. Melbourne has been deployed to the Persian Gulf on several occasions, and served as part of the INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce in 2000. On 26 October 2019, Melbourne was decommissioned from the RAN, subsequently being transferred to Chile. The ship was commissioned into the Chilean Navy as Almirante Latorre on 15 April 2020.

Tenix

Tenix

Tenix is a privately owned Australian company involved in a range of infrastructure maintenance and engineering products and services to the utility, transport, mining and industrial sectors in Australia, New Zealand, the Pacific Islands, and the United States.

Williamstown, Victoria

Williamstown, Victoria

Williamstown is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 11 km (6.8 mi) south-west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Hobsons Bay local government area. Williamstown recorded a population of 14,407 at the 2021 census.

Chilean Navy

Chilean Navy

The Chilean Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the Chilean Armed Forces. It is under the Ministry of National Defense. Its headquarters are at Edificio Armada de Chile, Valparaiso.

Source: "Adelaide-class frigate", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, March 13th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide-class_frigate.

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Further Reading

HMAS Sydney

Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigate

HMAS Darwin (FFG 04)

HMAS Newcastle

HMAS Adelaide (FFG 01)

Anzac-class frigate

HMAS Parramatta (FFH 154)

HMAS Sydney (FFG 03)

Kidd-class destroyer

HMAS Perth (FFH 157)

HMAS Toowoomba (FFH 156)

HMAS Warramunga (FFH 152)

HMAS Ballarat (FFH 155)

HMAS Melbourne (FFG 05)

HMAS Canberra (FFG 02)

Hobart-class destroyer

Perth-class destroyer

HMAS Torrens (DE 53)
References
  1. ^ a b c d Jones, in Stevens, The Royal Australian Navy, p. 220
  2. ^ a b Frame, Pacific Partners, pgs. 102, 162
  3. ^ Frame, Pacific Partners, p. 162
  4. ^ a b MacDougall, Australians at war, p. 345
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Hooton, Perking-up the Perry class
  6. ^ a b Scott, Enhanced small-calibre systems offer shipborne stopping power
  7. ^ Fish & Grevatt, Australia's HMAS Toowoomba test fires MU90 torpedo
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Australias Hazard(ous) Frigate Upgrades: Done at Last". Defense Industry Daily. Archived from the original on 17 January 2008. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  9. ^ a b c McPhedran, Frigates 'can't go to war' despite $1.4bn upgrade
  10. ^ a b Saunders (ed.), Jane's Fighting Ships 2008–2009, p. 28
  11. ^ a b Kirk & staff, Dud frigates an inherited nightmare
  12. ^ a b c d McPhedran, Australia's naval frigates 'worth the wait'
  13. ^ Australian Department of Defence, HMAS Adelaide Decommissions
  14. ^ Draper, Old Warship sunk off Victoria's coast
  15. ^ Harvey & West, Judge orders tough new rules for scuttling
  16. ^ Fish, Australia's Adelaide ends 27 years of service
  17. ^ Westbrook, Dolphins frolic, protesters sunk as frigate sent to the bottom
  18. ^ "Final entry into Sydney for city's namesake warship" (Press release). Department of Defence. 27 February 2015. Archived from the original on 27 February 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  19. ^ "HMAS Sydney decommissioned after 32 years of service". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 7 November 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
  20. ^ Minister for Defence Personnel (18 May 2017). "Ex-HMAS Sydney retires to Western Australia". Navy Daily (Press release). Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  21. ^ "HMAS Darwin sails into port for the last time ahead of decommissioning". PM with Dominique Schwarz. ABC. 1 November 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
  22. ^ "Navy farewells HMAS Darwin after 33 years of service". Navy News. Royal Australian Navy. 9 December 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
  23. ^ Kerr, Julian (30 March 2017). "Ex-RAN FFGs for Poland?". Australian Defence Magazine. Sydney, Australia. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
  24. ^ Adamowski, Jaroslaw (29 March 2017). "Poland eyes frigates from Australia, new submarines". Defense News. Warsaw, Poland. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
  25. ^ Levick, Ewan (24 January 2019). "Greece shows interest in buying RAN FFGs". Australian Defence Magazine. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
  26. ^ "Australia preparing possible transfer of 2 Adelaide-class frigates to Chile". Asia Pacific Defense Journal. 30 May 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  27. ^ Gain, Nathan (21 April 2020). "Ex-RAN Adelaide-Class Frigates Commissioned With The Chilean Navy". Naval News. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  28. ^ "Retired Australian frigate leaves Sydney for scrapping". Naval Today. 18 May 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  29. ^ "Ex-HMAS Darwin to be scrapped at Henderson". Cockburn Express. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
Citation
Books
  • Frame, Tom (1992). Pacific Partners: a history of Australian-American naval relations. Rydalmere, NSW: Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-56685-X. OCLC 27433673.
  • Jones, Peter (2001). "1972–1983: Towards Self-Reliance". In Stevens, David (ed.). The Royal Australian Navy. The Australian Centenary History of Defence (vol III). South Melbourne, VIC: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-555542-2. OCLC 50418095.
  • MacDougall, Anthony Keith (2002) [1991]. Australians at war: a pictorial history (2nd (revised and expanded) ed.). Noble Park, Vic: The Five Mile Press. ISBN 1-86503-865-2. OCLC 260099887.
  • N.A. (1990). "Australian Defence Boost". Warship International. XXVII (2): 192–194. ISSN 0043-0374.
  • Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2008). Jane's Fighting Ships 2008–2009. Jane's Fighting Ships (111th ed.). Surrey: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2845-9. OCLC 225431774.
Journal articles
  • Fish, Tim; Grevatt, Jon (24 June 2008). "Australia's HMAS Toowoomba test fires MU90 torpedo". Jane's Navy International. Jane's Information Group.
  • Fish, Tim (1 March 2008). "Australia's Adelaide ends 27 years of service". Jane's Navy International. Jane's Information Group.
  • Hooton, E.R. (1 December 1996). "Perking-up the Perry class". Jane's International Defence Review. Jane's Information Group. 9 (9).
  • Scott, Richard (12 December 2007). "Enhanced small-calibre systems offer shipborne stopping power". International Defence Review. Jane's Information Group.
News articles
Websites and other media
Further reading
  • Earnshaw, Dr. Paul (September–October 1997). "The Australian Frigate Project" (PDF). Australian Defence Force Journal. Department of Defence (127). Retrieved 24 April 2009.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Adelaide class frigates.
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