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2006 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

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2006 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

← 2000 November 7, 2006 2012 →
  Senator Bob Casey official photo 2007 (cropped).jpg Rick Santorum official photo.jpg
Nominee Bob Casey Jr. Rick Santorum
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 2,392,984 1,684,778
Percentage 58.6% 41.3%

2006 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania results map by county 2.svg
2006 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania by Congressional District.svg
Casey:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Santorum:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Rick Santorum
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Bob Casey Jr.
Democratic

The 2006 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on November 7, 2006. Incumbent Republican Rick Santorum ran for re-election to a third term, but was defeated by Democrat Bob Casey, Jr., the son of former Pennsylvania governor Bob Casey Sr.[1] Casey was elected to serve between January 3, 2007 and January 3, 2013.

Santorum trailed Casey in every public poll taken during the campaign. Casey's margin of victory (nearly 18% of those who voted) was the largest ever for a Democratic Senate nominee in Pennsylvania, the largest margin of victory for a Senate challenger in the 2006 elections, and the largest general election margin of defeat for an incumbent U.S. Senator since 1980.[2] Casey was the first Pennsylvania Democrat to win a full term in the Senate since Joseph S. Clark Jr. in 1962, and the first Democrat to win a Senate election since 1991. He was the first Democrat to win a full term for this seat since 1940.

As of 2022, this was the last time the following counties have voted Democratic in a Senate election: Greene, Washington, Westmoreland, Somerset, Lawrence, Mercer, Armstrong, Indiana, Cambria, Warren, Forest, Elk, Clearfield, Clinton, Schuylkill, Columbia, and Carbon.

Discover more about 2006 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania related topics

Bob Casey Sr.

Bob Casey Sr.

Robert Patrick Casey Sr. was an American lawyer and politician from Pennsylvania who served as the 42nd governor of Pennsylvania from 1987 to 1995. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania Senate for the 22nd district from 1963 to 1968 and as Auditor General of Pennsylvania from 1969 to 1977.

2006 United States Senate elections

2006 United States Senate elections

The 2006 United States Senate elections were held on November 7, 2006, with all 33 Class 1 Senate seats being contested. The term of office for those elected in 2006 ran from January 3, 2007, to January 3, 2013. Prior to the election, the Republican Party controlled 55 of the 100 Senate seats.

1980 United States Senate election in South Dakota

1980 United States Senate election in South Dakota

The 1980 United States Senate election in South Dakota was held on November 4, 1980. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator George McGovern ran for re-election to a fourth term, but was defeated by Republican James Abdnor.

1962 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

1962 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

The 1962 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on November 6, 1962. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Joseph S. Clark, Jr. successfully sought re-election to another term, defeating Republican nominee James E. Van Zandt.

Armstrong County, Pennsylvania

Armstrong County, Pennsylvania

Armstrong County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,558. The county seat is Kittanning. The county was organized on March 12, 1800, from parts of Allegheny, Westmoreland and Lycoming Counties. It was named in honor of John Armstrong, who represented Pennsylvania in the Continental Congress and served as a major general during the Revolutionary War.

Cambria County, Pennsylvania

Cambria County, Pennsylvania

Cambria County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 133,472. Its county seat is Ebensburg. The county was created on March 26, 1804, from parts of Bedford, Huntingdon, and Somerset Counties and later organized in 1807. It was named for the nation of Wales, which in Latin is known as "Cambria".

Forest County, Pennsylvania

Forest County, Pennsylvania

Forest County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,973, making it the third-least populous county in Pennsylvania. Its county seat is Tionesta. The county was created in 1848 and later organized in 1857.

Elk County, Pennsylvania

Elk County, Pennsylvania

Elk County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 30,990. Its county seat is Ridgway. The county was created on April 18, 1843, from parts of Jefferson, Clearfield, and McKean Counties. Elk County is named for the eastern elk that historically inhabited the region.

Clearfield County, Pennsylvania

Clearfield County, Pennsylvania

Clearfield County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 80,562. The county seat is Clearfield, and the largest city is DuBois. The county was created in 1804 and later organized in 1822.

Clinton County, Pennsylvania

Clinton County, Pennsylvania

Clinton County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,450. Its county seat is Lock Haven. The county was created on June 21, 1839, from parts of Centre and Lycoming Counties. Its name is in honor of the seventh Governor of New York, DeWitt Clinton. Some alternate sources suggest the namesake is Henry Clinton. Clinton County comprises the Lock Haven, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Williamsport-Lock Haven, PA Combined Statistical Area.

Columbia County, Pennsylvania

Columbia County, Pennsylvania

Columbia County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is located in Northeastern Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 64,727. Its county seat is Bloomsburg. The county was created on March 22, 1813, from part of Northumberland County. It was named Columbia, alluding to the United States and Christopher Columbus.

Carbon County, Pennsylvania

Carbon County, Pennsylvania

Carbon County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is located in Northeastern Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 64,749. The county is also part of Pennsylvania's Coal Region and Northeastern Pennsylvania.

Democratic primary

The Democratic primary was held May 16, 2006.

Candidates

Declined

Results

Casey won a landslide victory in the primary.[6]

Democratic primary results[7][8]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bob Casey, Jr. 629,271 84.48%
Democratic Chuck Pennacchio 66,364 8.91%
Democratic Alan Sandals 48,113 6.46%
Write-in 1,114 0.15%
Total votes 744,862 100.00%

Discover more about Democratic primary related topics

Democratic Party (United States)

Democratic Party (United States)

The Democratic Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States. Founded in 1828, it was predominantly built by Martin Van Buren, who assembled politicians in every state behind war hero Andrew Jackson, making it the world's oldest active political party. Its main political rival has been the Republican Party since the 1850s, with both parties being big tents of competing and often opposing viewpoints. Modern American liberalism — a variant of social liberalism — is the party's majority ideology. The party also has notable centrist, social democratic, and left-libertarian factions.

2002 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election

2002 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election

The 2002 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 2002, to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania. Incumbent Republican governor Mark Schweiker, who took office in 2001 when Tom Ridge resigned to become Homeland Security Advisor, was eligible to run for a full term, but did not do so. Democrat Ed Rendell, the former mayor of Philadelphia and Chairman of the Democratic National Committee, emerged from a competitive primary to win the general election against Republican Pennsylvania Attorney General Mike Fisher. This was the first time that a Democrat won all four of Philadelphia's suburban counties.

University of the Arts (Philadelphia)

University of the Arts (Philadelphia)

University of the Arts (UArts) is a private art university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Its campus makes up part of the Avenue of the Arts in Center City, Philadelphia. Dating back to the 1870s, it is one of the oldest schools of art or music in the United States.

Barbara Hafer

Barbara Hafer

Barbara Hafer is an American politician and convicted felon from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. She served as a member of the Allegheny County Board of Commissioners from 1984 to 1989, as the Auditor General of Pennsylvania from 1989 to 1997 and as the Treasurer of Pennsylvania from 1997 to 2005.

Joe Hoeffel

Joe Hoeffel

Joseph Merrill Hoeffel III is an American author and politician. A Democrat, Hoeffel was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2005, representing Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district. He also served multiple terms on the Montgomery County Board of Commissioners, and from 1977–84, was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. A native of Philadelphia, he is a graduate of Boston University and Temple University School of Law.

Write-in candidate

Write-in candidate

A write-in candidate is a candidate whose name does not appear on the ballot but seeks election by asking voters to cast a vote for the candidate by physically writing in the person's name on the ballot. Depending on electoral law it may be possible to win an election by winning a sufficient number of such write-in votes, which count equally as if the person was formally listed on the ballot.

Republican primary

John Featherman, who ran against Santorum in 2000 as a Libertarian, had been expected to challenge him in the 2006 Republican primary. However, Featherman withdrew his candidacy after a GOP petition challenge because he did not have the necessary number of signatures to get on the ballot. As a result, Santorum won the Republican nomination unopposed.[9]

Candidates

Discover more about Republican primary related topics

2000 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

2000 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

The 2000 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on November 7, 2000 during a year which coincided with a United States presidential election in which Pennsylvania was viewed as a swing state.Pennsylvania was one of four states that elected Republican Senators despite being won by Al Gore in the concurrent presidential election, the others being Maine, Rhode Island and Vermont.

Libertarian Party (United States)

Libertarian Party (United States)

The Libertarian Party (LP) is a political party in the United States that promotes civil liberties, non-interventionism, laissez-faire capitalism, and limiting the size and scope of government. The party was conceived in August 1971 at meetings in the home of David F. Nolan in Westminster, Colorado, and was officially formed on December 11, 1971, in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The organizers of the party drew inspiration from the works and ideas of the prominent Austrian school economist, Murray Rothbard. The founding of the party was prompted in part due to concerns about the Nixon administration, the Vietnam War, conscription, and the introduction of fiat money.

Rick Santorum

Rick Santorum

Richard John Santorum is an American politician, attorney, author, and political commentator who represented Pennsylvania in the United States Senate from 1995 to 2007 and was the Senate's third-ranking Republican during the final six years of his tenure. He also ran unsuccessfully for President of the United States in the 2012 Republican primaries, finishing second to Mitt Romney.

Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district

Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district

Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district was a district including the city of Pittsburgh and parts of surrounding suburbs. A variety of working class and majority black suburbs located to the east of the city were included, such as McKeesport and Wilkinsburg. Also a major part of the district was a number of middle class suburbs that have historic Democratic roots, such as Pleasant Hills and Penn Hills. The district became obsolete following the 2020 United States census. It was largely replaced by Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district.

General election

Candidates

Major

Minor

  • Carl Romanelli (G), rail industry consultant, and was removed from the ballot by a Commonwealth Court judge on September 25, 2006 following a challenge from Democrats for failing to collect enough valid signatures required of third-party candidates. He lost the appeal to the state Supreme Court challenging the required number of signatures, on October 3, 2006[10] Carl Romanelli was ordered to pay more than $80,000 in legal fees stemming from his failed effort to make the ballot.[11]
  • Kate Michelman (I), former president of NARAL Pro-Choice America. She decided against running and tacitly endorsed Casey in March 2006[12]

Campaign

Santorum's support for Arlen Specter

Republican strategists took Santorum's primary result in 2006 as a bad omen, in which he ran unopposed for the Republican nomination. Republican gubernatorial nominee Lynn Swann, also unopposed, garnered 22,000 more votes statewide than Santorum in the primary, meaning thousands of Republican voters abstained from endorsing Santorum for another Senate term. This may have been partly due to Santorum's support for Arlen Specter, over Congressman Pat Toomey in the 2004 Republican primary for the U.S. Senate. Even though Santorum is only slightly less conservative than Toomey, he joined virtually all of the state and national Republican establishment in supporting the moderate Specter. This led many socially and fiscally conservative Republicans to consider Santorum's support of Specter to be a betrayal of their cause.[13][14][15] However, Santorum says he supported Specter to avoid risking a Toomey loss in the general election, which would prevent President George W. Bush's judicial nominees from getting through the Senate.[16] Santorum says Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito would not have been confirmed without the help of Specter, who was chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee at the time.[16]

Santorum's controversial views

In the Senate, Santorum was an outspoken conservative from a state with a history of electing moderates. This led many political commentators to speculate that his low approval ratings were due to some of his more controversial statements and opinions.

Among these controversies were his views on the privatization of Social Security[17][18] and the teaching of intelligent design in public schools.[19] In addition, his involvement in the Terri Schiavo case was considered by many in his state to be out of place.[20][21]

All this left Santorum in a precarious position throughout the race. On May 31, 2006, the polling firm Rasmussen Reports declared that Santorum was the "most vulnerable incumbent" among the Senators running for re-election.[22] SurveyUSA polling taken right before the election showed that Santorum was the least popular of all 100 Senators, with a 38% approval rating and a net approval rating of -19%.[23]

Santorum's residency

While Santorum maintained a small residence in Penn Hills, a township near Pittsburgh, his family primarily lived in a large house in Leesburg, a suburb of Washington, D.C. in Northern Virginia. Santorum faced charges of hypocrisy from critics who noted the similarities between his living situation and that of former Representative Doug Walgren, who Santorum defeated in 1990. Back then, Santorum had claimed that Walgren was out of touch with his district; these claims were backed up with commercials showing Walgren's home in the Virginia suburbs.[24]

On NBC's Meet the Press on September 3, 2006, Santorum admitted that he only spent "maybe a month a year, something like that" at his Pennsylvania residence.[25]

Santorum also drew criticism for enrolling five of his six children in an online "cyber school" in Pennsylvania's Allegheny County (home to Pittsburgh and most of its suburbs), despite the fact that the children lived in Virginia. The Penn Hills School District was billed $73,000 in tuition for the cyber classes.[26]

Casey's momentum

Santorum began his contrast campaign against Casey early, charging him with relentlessly seeking higher political office[27] and failing to take definitive stands on issues.[28] While these charges kept the race competitive, in late September and through October, Casey's campaign seemed to regain the momentum it had had throughout most of the campaign, as most polls showed Casey widening his lead after a summer slump. In a Quinnipiac University Polling Institute poll, released on September 26, 2006, Casey was favored by 14 points.[29] An October 18, 2006 poll conducted by Rasmussen Reports showed Casey with a similar double-digit lead. In the Rasmussen poll, only 46% of voters surveyed had a favorable view of Santorum, while 57% of voters viewed Casey favorably.[30]

Negative advertisements

At least one of Santorum's television ads called into question his campaign's use of the facts regarding Casey and people who had donated money to the Casey campaign.[31] The ad, which aired in September, showed several men seated around a table, while talking amongst themselves and smoking cigars, inside a jail cell. While none of the figures, who were played by actors, were named personally, the narrator provided the job descriptions, previous donations to Casey, and ethical and/or legal troubles of each. The Santorum campaign later provided the names of the people portrayed. An editorial in Casey's hometown newspaper, The Times-Tribune, pointed out that all but one of the contributions "[was] made to Casey campaigns when he was running for other offices, at which time none of the contributors were known to be under investigation for anything."[32] In fact, two of the persons cited in the Santorum campaign ad had actually given contributions to Santorum's 2006 Senate campaign. Another of the figures portrayed had died in 2004. Political scientist Larry Sabato called the ad "over the top" and suspected that the fallout would hurt Santorum.[33]

Debates

Predictions

Source Ranking As of
The Cook Political Report[34] Lean D (flip) November 6, 2006
Sabato's Crystal Ball[35] Safe D (flip) November 6, 2006
Rothenberg Political Report[36] Likely D (flip) November 6, 2006
Real Clear Politics[37] Likely D (flip) November 6, 2006

Polling

Source Date Bob
Casey Jr. (D)
Rick
Santorum (R)
Quinnipiac February 16, 2005 46% 41%
SurveyUSA March 8–9, 2005 49% 42%
Keystone March 22, 2005 44% 43%
Quinnipiac April 23, 2005 49% 35%
Keystone June 6, 2005 44% 37%
Quinnipiac July 13, 2005 50% 39%
Rasmussen July 22, 2005 52% 41%
Strategic Vision (R) July 31, 2005 51% 40%
Strategic Vision (R) September 12, 2005 52% 38%
Keystone September 13, 2005 50% 37%
Quinnipiac October 3, 2005 52% 34%
Strategic Vision (R) October 16, 2005 52% 36%
Keystone November 10, 2005 51% 35%
Rasmussen November 10, 2005 54% 34%
Strategic Vision (R) November 16, 2005 51% 36%
Quinnipiac December 13, 2005 50% 38%
Strategic Vision (R) December 18, 2005 50% 39%
Rasmussen January 15, 2006 53% 38%
Strategic Vision (R) January 25, 2006 50% 40%
Keystone February 9, 2006 50% 39%
Quinnipiac February 13, 2006 51% 36%
Rasmussen February 16, 2006 52% 36%
Muhlenberg College March 2, 2006 49% 37%
Mansfield University March 7, 2006 45% 31%
Rasmussen March 14, 2006 48% 38%
Rasmussen March 29, 2006 50% 41%
Quinnipiac April 6, 2006 48% 37%
Strategic Vision (R) April 13, 2006 50% 40%
Rasmussen April 20, 2006 51% 38%
Muhlenberg/Morning Call April 26, 2006 46% 38%
Keystone May 4, 2006 47% 41%
Strategic Vision (R) May 10, 2006 49% 41%
Quinnipiac May 11, 2006 49% 36%
Rasmussen May 22, 2006 56% 33%
American Research Group May 25, 2006 54% 41%
Strategic Vision (R) June 15, 2006 49% 40%
Rasmussen June 19, 2006 52% 37%
Quinnipiac June 21, 2006 52% 34%
Strategic Vision (R) July 20, 2006 50% 40%
Rasmussen Archived August 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine July 26, 2006 50% 39%
Muhlenberg College August 5, 2006 45% 39%
Quinnipiac August 15, 2006 47% 40%
Benenson Strategy Group (D) August 16, 2006 51% 37%
Strategic Vision (R) August 17, 2006 47% 41%
Rasmussen August 22, 2006 48% 40%
Keystone August 24, 2006 44% 39%
USA Today/Gallup August 27, 2006 56% 38%
Keystone September 18, 2006 45% 38%
Princeton Research Associates September 18, 2006 52% 31%
Rasmussen September 20, 2006 49% 39%
Temple/Philadelphia Inquirer September 24, 2006 49% 39%
Quinnipiac September 26, 2006 54% 40%
Strategic Vision (R) September 28, 2006 50% 40%
Mason-Dixon/McClatchy-MSNBC October 2, 2006 49% 40%
Rasmussen October 5, 2006 50% 37%
Zogby International/Reuters October 5, 2006 48% 36%
Muhlenberg/Morning Call October 8, 2006 46% 41%
Rasmussen October 16, 2006 55% 43%
Democracy Corps October 17, 2006 54% 37%
Strategic Vision (R) October 23, 2006 49% 42%
West Chester University October 27, 2006 50% 39%
Rasmussen October 28, 2006 55% 42%
Temple/Philadelphia Inquirer October 29, 2006 54% 38%
Strategic Vision (R) October 30, 2006 49% 39%
Quinnipiac November 1, 2006 52% 42%
Keystone November 1, 2006 53% 38%
Reuters/Zogby International November 2, 2006 48% 40%
Muhlenberg/Morning Call November 3, 2006 51% 43%
Mason-Dixon/McClatchy-MSNBC November 5, 2006 52% 39%
Strategic Vision (R) November 6, 2006 52% 40%

Results

General election results[38]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Bob Casey, Jr. 2,392,984 58.64% +13.2%
Republican Rick Santorum (incumbent) 1,684,778 41.28% -11.1%
Write-in 3,281 0.08% N/A
Total votes 4,081,043 100.00% N/A
Democratic gain from Republican

At 9:45 PM EST on Election Night, Santorum called Casey to concede defeat.[39]

By congressional district

Bob Casey Jr won 14 of 19 congressional districts, including the 3rd, 6th, 15th and 18th districts, which elected Republicans to the House.[40]

District Casey Jr. Santorum Representative
1st 87.7% 12.3% Bob Brady
2nd 89.6% 10.4%
Chaka Fattah
3rd 54.0% 46.0% Phil English
4th 54.9% 45.1% Melissa Hart (109th Congress)
Jason Altmire (110th Congress)
5th 49.9% 50.1% John E. Peterson
6th 58.5% 41.5% Jim Gerlach
7th 59.1% 40.9% Curt Weldon (109th Congress)
Joe Sestak (110th Congress)
8th 58.8% 41.2% Mike Fitzpatrick (109th Congress)
Patrick Murphy (110th Congress)
9th 44.9% 55.1% Bill Shuster
10th 49.1% 50.9% Don Sherwood (109th Congress)
Chris Carney (110th Congress)
11th 62.3% 37.7% Paul Kanjorski
12th 62.9% 37.1% John Murtha
13th 63.0% 37.0% Allyson Schwartz
14th 76.4% 23.6% Mike Doyle
15th 56.9% 43.1% Charlie Dent
16th 45.8% 54.2% Joe Pitts
17th 51.3% 48.7% Tim Holden
18th 55.2% 44.8% Tim Murphy
19th 45.6% 54.4% Todd R. Platts

Discover more about General election related topics

Rick Santorum

Rick Santorum

Richard John Santorum is an American politician, attorney, author, and political commentator who represented Pennsylvania in the United States Senate from 1995 to 2007 and was the Senate's third-ranking Republican during the final six years of his tenure. He also ran unsuccessfully for President of the United States in the 2012 Republican primaries, finishing second to Mitt Romney.

Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania

Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania

The Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania is one of Pennsylvania's two intermediate appellate courts. The Commonwealth Court's headquarters is in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, with jurisdiction over administrative and civil public law. The Superior Court of Pennsylvania is the other intermediate appellate court in the Pennsylvania Unified Judicial System, having jurisdiction over criminal and private civil cases.

Kate Michelman

Kate Michelman

Kate Michelman is an American political activist. She is best known for her work in the United States abortion rights movement, particularly as a long-time president of NARAL Pro-Choice America.

NARAL Pro-Choice America

NARAL Pro-Choice America

NARAL Pro-Choice America, commonly known as simply NARAL, is a non-profit 501(c)(4) organization in the United States that engages in lobbying, political action, and advocacy efforts to oppose restrictions on abortion, to expand access to abortion and birth control, and to support paid parental leave and protection against pregnancy discrimination.

Lynn Swann

Lynn Swann

Lynn Curtis Swann is an American former football player, broadcaster, politician, and athletic director, best known for his association with the University of Southern California and the Pittsburgh Steelers. He served on the President's Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition from 2002 to 2005. In 2006, he was the Republican nominee for Governor of Pennsylvania.

Arlen Specter

Arlen Specter

Arlen Specter was an American lawyer, author and politician who served as a United States Senator from Pennsylvania from 1981 to 2011. Specter was a Democrat from 1951 to 1965, then a Republican from 1965 until 2009, when he switched back to the Democratic Party. First elected in 1980, he was the longest-serving senator from Pennsylvania, having represented the state for 30 years.

Pat Toomey

Pat Toomey

Patrick Joseph Toomey Jr. is an American businessman and politician who served as a United States senator from Pennsylvania from 2011 to 2023. A member of the Republican Party, he served three terms as the U.S. representative for Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district, from 1999 to 2005.

George W. Bush

George W. Bush

George Walker Bush is an American retired politician who served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009. A member of the Republican Party and the Bush family, he previously served as the 46th governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000.

Samuel Alito

Samuel Alito

Samuel Anthony Alito Jr. is an American lawyer and jurist who serves as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He was nominated by President George W. Bush on October 31, 2005, and has served since January 31, 2006. He is the second Italian American justice to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court—after Antonin Scalia—and the eleventh Catholic.

Social Security (United States)

Social Security (United States)

In the United States, Social Security is the commonly used term for the federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program and is administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA). The original Social Security Act was enacted in 1935, and the current version of the Act, as amended, encompasses several social welfare and social insurance programs.

Intelligent design

Intelligent design

Intelligent design (ID) is a pseudoscientific argument for the existence of God, presented by its proponents as "an evidence-based scientific theory about life's origins". Proponents claim that "certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection." ID is a form of creationism that lacks empirical support and offers no testable or tenable hypotheses, and is therefore not science. The leading proponents of ID are associated with the Discovery Institute, a Christian, politically conservative think tank based in the United States.

Rasmussen Reports

Rasmussen Reports

Rasmussen Reports is an American polling company founded in 2003. The company engages in political commentary and the collection, publication, and distribution of public opinion polling information. Rasmussen Reports conducts nightly tracking, at national and state levels, of elections, politics, current events, consumer confidence, business topics, and the United States president's job approval ratings. Surveys by the company are conducted using a combination of automated public opinion polling involving pre-recorded telephone inquiries and an online survey. The company generates revenue by selling advertising and subscriptions to its polling survey data.

Source: "2006 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, March 9th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_Pennsylvania.

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References
  1. ^ James O'Toole. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "Santorum in cross hairs for 2006 election." January 17, 2005. Accessed February 8, 2007.
  2. ^ Borys Krawczeniuk. The Times-Tribune. "Casey dominated like no one before." November 9, 2006. Accessed February 8, 2007.
  3. ^ James O'Toole. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "Voters Guide 2006: 2 battle Casey for Democratic U.S. Senate nomination." May 8, 2006. Accessed February 8, 2007.
  4. ^ Bob Casey for US Senate. "Hafer endorses Casey for U.S. Senate." Archived October 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine June 7, 2006. Accessed February 8, 2007.
  5. ^ Peter Jackson, The Associated Press. The Times-Tribune. Casey to seek Senate nominationl; Hafer and Hoeffel out." March 4, 2007. Accessed February 8, 2007.
  6. ^ Pennsylvania Department of State. Commonwealth of PA - Elections Information. Accessed February 8, 2007.
  7. ^ "PA US Senate- D Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
  8. ^ "PA US Senate- D Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
  9. ^ Kimberly Hefling, The Associated Press. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "Santorum's only GOP challenger bowing out of primary." March 16, 2006. Accessed February 8, 2007.
  10. ^ James O'Toole. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "Green Party hopeful is out; win for Casey." October 4, 2006. Accessed February 8, 2007.
  11. ^ "The Citizens Voice - Breaking News: Romanelli ordered to pay more than $80,000". Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved July 18, 2007.
  12. ^ James O'Toole. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "Democratic long shots seek limelight." March 21, 2006. Accessed February 8, 2007.
  13. ^ Jerry Bowyer (October 10, 2006). "Outside Santorum's Sanctum". New York Sun.
  14. ^ Stephen Moore (April 15, 2004). "Santorum's Shame". National Review.
  15. ^ Timothy P. Carney (November 1, 2009). "Betrayal in Pennsylvania". AFF's Brainwash.
  16. ^ a b In Iowa, Specter endorsement haunts Rick Santorum
  17. ^ Maeve Reston. Pittsburgh-Post Gazette. "Santorum finds many minds made up on Social Security." February 22, 2005. Accessed February 8, 2007.
  18. ^ Americans United. "Americans United announces "Mobilization against Privatization." Archived October 22, 2006, at the Wayback Machine April 19, 2005. Accessed February 8, 2007.
  19. ^ The Associated Press. The Washington Post. Santorum breaks with Christian Right law center." December 23, 2005. Accessed February 8, 2007.
  20. ^ Tom Barnes. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "Santorum defends Schiavo visit." June 18, 2005. Accessed February 8, 2007.
  21. ^ Page Rockwell. Salon. "Rick Santorum's Schiavo woes." Archived June 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine April 25, 2005. Accessed February 8, 2005.
  22. ^ Rasmussen Reports. "Pennsylvania Senate: Casey by 23." Archived June 2, 2006, at the Wayback Machine May 31, 2006. Accessed February 8, 2007.
  23. ^ SurveyUSA. "Approval Ratings for all 100 U.S. Senators as of 10/24/06." October 24, 2006. Accessed February 8, 2007.
  24. ^ Brian O'Neill. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Santorum: Hoisted on his own back yard." May 25, 2006. Accessed February 8, 2007.
  25. ^ Meet the Press with Tim Russert. "MTP Transcript for Sept. 3." September 6, 2006. Accessed February 8, 2007.
  26. ^ Vera Miller (September 20, 2006). "Dems Press Cyber Cost Issue". Penn Hills Progress.
  27. ^ RickSantorum.com. "Hey There, Hi There, Ho There." Archived December 14, 2006, at the Wayback Machine August 26, 2006. Accessed February 12, 2007.
  28. ^ Bill Toland. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. "Santorum, Casey go toe-to-toe in debate." October 13, 2006. Accessed February 12, 2007.
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  30. ^ Rasmussen Reports. "Pennsylvania Senate: Santorum trailing by 13." Archived October 19, 2006, at the Wayback Machine October 18, 2006. Accessed February 8, 2007.
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