1988 United States presidential election in Oklahoma
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The 1988 United States presidential election in Oklahoma took place on November 8, 1988. All fifty states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1988 United States presidential election. Oklahoma voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.
Oklahoma was won by incumbent United States Vice President George H. W. Bush of Texas, who was running against Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis. Bush ran with Indiana Senator Dan Quayle as Vice President, and Dukakis ran with Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen.
The election was very partisan, with more than 99 percent of the electorate voting for either the Democratic or Republican parties, and only four candidates appearing on the ballot.[1] The Southeastern portion of the state resumed turning out in large numbers for the Democratic Party; it had voted almost entirely Republican in 1984. This may be somewhat attributed to the influence of the ongoing drought and the farming crisis in the Great Plains, and of the politically volatile state of Texas, which was also changing its political orientation through the 1980s and 1990s from a Democratic area to a largely Republican one. Bush's dominance in the more populated metro Oklahoma City and Tulsa ensured a safe GOP victory. However, despite Bush and Quayle winning the state, Oklahoma swung more to the Democrats from 1984 to 1988 than any other state in the nation, swinging by 21.30%. Additionally, this remains the last time that a Democrat has won more than 60% of the vote in any Oklahoma county (these being Jefferson, Haskell, Hughes, and Coal).
Bush easily won Oklahoma on election day, defeating Dukakis by a 15-point margin. While traditionally conservative, the election results in Oklahoma were indicative of a nationwide reconsolidation of base for the Republican Party, which took place through the 1980s. Through the passage of some very controversial economic programs, spearheaded by then President Ronald Reagan (called, collectively, "Reaganomics"), the mid-to-late 1980s saw a period of economic growth and stability. The hallmark for Reaganomics was, in part, the wide-scale deregulation of corporate interests, and tax cuts for the wealthy.[2]
Dukakis ran on a socially liberal platform and advocated for higher economic regulation and environmental protection. Bush, alternatively, ran on a campaign of continuing the social and economic policies of former President Ronald Reagan, which gained him much support with social conservatives and people living in rural areas. Additionally, while the economic programs passed under Reagan and furthered under Bush and Bill Clinton may have boosted the economy for a brief period, they are criticized by many analysts as "setting the stage" for economic troubles in the United States after 2007, such as the Great Recession.[3]
Oklahoma weighed in for this election as 9% more Republican than the national average.
Discover more about 1988 United States presidential election in Oklahoma related topics
Results
| 1988 United States presidential election in Oklahoma | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes | |
| Republican | George H. W. Bush | 678,367 | 57.93% | 8 | |
| Democratic | Michael Dukakis | 483,423 | 41.28% | 0 | |
| Libertarian | Ron Paul | 6,261 | 0.53% | 0 | |
| New Alliance Party | Lenora Fulani | 2,985 | 0.25% | 0 | |
| Totals | 1,171,036 | 100.0% | 8 | ||
Results by county
| George Herbert Walker Bush Republican |
Michael Stanley Dukakis Democratic |
Various candidates Other parties |
Margin | Total votes cast | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| County | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # |
| Adair | 3,558 | 57.02% | 2,624 | 42.05% | 58 | 0.93% | 934 | 14.97% | 6,240 |
| Alfalfa | 1,960 | 62.58% | 1,117 | 35.66% | 55 | 1.76% | 843 | 26.92% | 3,132 |
| Atoka | 1,971 | 43.13% | 2,565 | 56.13% | 34 | 0.74% | -594 | -13.00% | 4,570 |
| Beaver | 2,013 | 71.03% | 777 | 27.42% | 44 | 1.55% | 1,236 | 43.61% | 2,834 |
| Beckham | 3,463 | 50.08% | 3,388 | 48.99% | 64 | 0.93% | 75 | 1.08% | 6,915 |
| Blaine | 2,889 | 61.03% | 1,775 | 37.49% | 70 | 1.48% | 1,114 | 23.53% | 4,734 |
| Bryan | 4,615 | 40.13% | 6,849 | 59.55% | 37 | 0.32% | -2,234 | -19.42% | 11,501 |
| Caddo | 4,689 | 46.07% | 5,387 | 52.93% | 101 | 0.99% | -698 | -6.86% | 10,177 |
| Canadian | 17,872 | 70.00% | 7,453 | 29.19% | 205 | 0.80% | 10,419 | 40.81% | 25,530 |
| Carter | 8,430 | 50.98% | 7,988 | 48.31% | 117 | 0.71% | 442 | 2.67% | 16,535 |
| Cherokee | 5,838 | 46.99% | 6,483 | 52.18% | 103 | 0.83% | -645 | -5.19% | 12,424 |
| Choctaw | 2,217 | 39.60% | 3,362 | 60.05% | 20 | 0.36% | -1,145 | -20.45% | 5,599 |
| Cimarron | 1,153 | 70.01% | 470 | 28.54% | 24 | 1.46% | 683 | 41.47% | 1,647 |
| Cleveland | 36,313 | 61.62% | 22,067 | 37.44% | 553 | 0.94% | 14,246 | 24.17% | 58,933 |
| Coal | 891 | 39.25% | 1,365 | 60.13% | 14 | 0.62% | -474 | -20.88% | 2,270 |
| Comanche | 17,464 | 60.02% | 11,441 | 39.32% | 194 | 0.67% | 6,023 | 20.70% | 29,099 |
| Cotton | 1,266 | 45.62% | 1,482 | 53.41% | 27 | 0.97% | -216 | -7.78% | 2,775 |
| Craig | 2,463 | 45.23% | 2,940 | 53.98% | 43 | 0.79% | -477 | -8.76% | 5,446 |
| Creek | 11,308 | 53.89% | 9,512 | 45.33% | 162 | 0.77% | 1,796 | 8.56% | 20,982 |
| Custer | 6,735 | 63.98% | 3,697 | 35.12% | 95 | 0.90% | 3,038 | 28.86% | 10,527 |
| Delaware | 5,248 | 51.39% | 4,889 | 47.88% | 75 | 0.73% | 359 | 3.52% | 10,212 |
| Dewey | 1,543 | 60.49% | 963 | 37.75% | 45 | 1.76% | 580 | 22.74% | 2,551 |
| Ellis | 1,422 | 63.37% | 786 | 35.03% | 36 | 1.60% | 636 | 28.34% | 2,244 |
| Garfield | 15,248 | 64.78% | 8,067 | 34.27% | 223 | 0.95% | 7,181 | 30.51% | 23,538 |
| Garvin | 5,109 | 47.94% | 5,438 | 51.03% | 109 | 1.02% | -329 | -3.09% | 10,656 |
| Grady | 7,994 | 53.84% | 6,689 | 45.05% | 165 | 1.11% | 1,305 | 8.79% | 14,848 |
| Grant | 1,690 | 56.71% | 1,249 | 41.91% | 41 | 1.38% | 441 | 14.80% | 2,980 |
| Greer | 1,225 | 48.94% | 1,256 | 50.18% | 22 | 0.88% | -31 | -1.24% | 2,503 |
| Harmon | 611 | 40.63% | 890 | 59.18% | 3 | 0.20% | -279 | -18.55% | 1,504 |
| Harper | 1,281 | 67.42% | 593 | 31.21% | 26 | 1.37% | 688 | 36.21% | 1,900 |
| Haskell | 1,822 | 37.73% | 2,963 | 61.36% | 44 | 0.91% | -1,141 | -23.63% | 4,829 |
| Hughes | 2,037 | 38.24% | 3,259 | 61.18% | 31 | 0.58% | -1,222 | -22.94% | 5,327 |
| Jackson | 4,423 | 55.28% | 3,542 | 44.27% | 36 | 0.45% | 881 | 11.01% | 8,001 |
| Jefferson | 1,063 | 37.35% | 1,767 | 62.09% | 16 | 0.56% | -704 | -24.74% | 2,846 |
| Johnston | 1,518 | 42.39% | 2,042 | 57.02% | 21 | 0.59% | -524 | -14.63% | 3,581 |
| Kay | 12,646 | 61.50% | 7,751 | 37.69% | 167 | 0.81% | 4,895 | 23.80% | 20,564 |
| Kingfisher | 4,011 | 68.54% | 1,777 | 30.37% | 64 | 1.09% | 2,234 | 38.17% | 5,852 |
| Kiowa | 2,030 | 46.58% | 2,296 | 52.68% | 32 | 0.73% | -266 | -6.10% | 4,358 |
| Latimer | 1,830 | 43.23% | 2,365 | 55.87% | 38 | 0.90% | -535 | -12.64% | 4,233 |
| Le Flore | 6,964 | 51.05% | 6,594 | 48.34% | 83 | 0.61% | 370 | 2.71% | 13,641 |
| Lincoln | 6,409 | 59.67% | 4,225 | 39.34% | 106 | 0.99% | 2,184 | 20.34% | 10,740 |
| Logan | 6,947 | 59.36% | 4,603 | 39.33% | 154 | 1.32% | 2,344 | 20.03% | 11,704 |
| Love | 1,361 | 41.66% | 1,889 | 57.82% | 17 | 0.52% | -528 | -16.16% | 3,267 |
| McClain | 4,771 | 56.44% | 3,594 | 42.52% | 88 | 1.04% | 1,177 | 13.92% | 8,453 |
| McCurtain | 4,920 | 49.64% | 4,928 | 49.72% | 63 | 0.64% | -8 | -0.08% | 9,911 |
| McIntosh | 2,665 | 39.53% | 4,041 | 59.94% | 36 | 0.53% | -1,376 | -20.41% | 6,742 |
| Major | 2,638 | 71.86% | 982 | 26.75% | 51 | 1.39% | 1,656 | 45.11% | 3,671 |
| Marshall | 1,911 | 40.93% | 2,730 | 58.47% | 28 | 0.60% | -819 | -17.54% | 4,669 |
| Mayes | 6,115 | 47.40% | 6,691 | 51.86% | 95 | 0.74% | -576 | -4.46% | 12,901 |
| Murray | 2,056 | 42.89% | 2,697 | 56.26% | 41 | 0.86% | -641 | -13.37% | 4,794 |
| Muskogee | 11,147 | 44.47% | 13,760 | 54.89% | 161 | 0.64% | -2,613 | -10.42% | 25,068 |
| Noble | 3,015 | 63.80% | 1,661 | 35.15% | 50 | 1.06% | 1,354 | 28.65% | 4,726 |
| Nowata | 2,000 | 47.24% | 2,203 | 52.03% | 31 | 0.73% | -203 | -4.79% | 4,234 |
| Okfuskee | 1,851 | 45.17% | 2,209 | 53.90% | 38 | 0.93% | -358 | -8.74% | 4,098 |
| Oklahoma | 135,376 | 63.59% | 75,812 | 35.61% | 1,703 | 0.80% | 59,564 | 27.98% | 212,891 |
| Okmulgee | 5,674 | 40.52% | 8,262 | 59.00% | 68 | 0.49% | -2,588 | -18.48% | 14,004 |
| Osage | 7,162 | 47.57% | 7,778 | 51.66% | 115 | 0.76% | -616 | -4.09% | 15,055 |
| Ottawa | 5,026 | 42.85% | 6,658 | 56.77% | 45 | 0.38% | -1,632 | -13.91% | 11,729 |
| Pawnee | 3,324 | 53.94% | 2,781 | 45.13% | 57 | 0.93% | 543 | 8.81% | 6,162 |
| Payne | 16,027 | 59.57% | 10,568 | 39.28% | 310 | 1.15% | 5,459 | 20.29% | 26,905 |
| Pittsburg | 7,594 | 46.47% | 8,623 | 52.77% | 125 | 0.76% | -1,029 | -6.30% | 16,342 |
| Pontotoc | 6,609 | 49.92% | 6,484 | 48.98% | 146 | 1.10% | 125 | 0.94% | 13,239 |
| Pottawatomie | 12,099 | 57.15% | 8,873 | 41.92% | 197 | 0.93% | 3,226 | 15.24% | 21,169 |
| Pushmataha | 1,841 | 42.80% | 2,430 | 56.50% | 30 | 0.70% | -589 | -13.69% | 4,301 |
| Roger Mills | 1,132 | 56.26% | 866 | 43.04% | 14 | 0.70% | 266 | 13.22% | 2,012 |
| Rogers | 12,940 | 59.22% | 8,771 | 40.14% | 140 | 0.64% | 4,169 | 19.08% | 21,851 |
| Seminole | 4,078 | 44.95% | 4,911 | 54.13% | 84 | 0.93% | -833 | -9.18% | 9,073 |
| Sequoyah | 5,710 | 53.22% | 4,951 | 46.15% | 68 | 0.63% | 759 | 7.07% | 10,729 |
| Stephens | 9,844 | 55.32% | 7,833 | 44.02% | 118 | 0.66% | 2,011 | 11.30% | 17,795 |
| Texas | 4,971 | 73.62% | 1,717 | 25.43% | 64 | 0.95% | 3,254 | 48.19% | 6,752 |
| Tillman | 1,754 | 44.65% | 2,148 | 54.68% | 26 | 0.66% | -394 | -10.03% | 3,928 |
| Tulsa | 127,512 | 64.48% | 69,044 | 34.91% | 1,207 | 0.61% | 58,468 | 29.56% | 197,763 |
| Wagoner | 10,219 | 57.68% | 7,378 | 41.64% | 121 | 0.68% | 2,841 | 16.03% | 17,718 |
| Washington | 14,613 | 67.30% | 6,971 | 32.11% | 129 | 0.59% | 7,642 | 35.20% | 21,713 |
| Washita | 2,402 | 50.62% | 2,290 | 48.26% | 53 | 1.12% | 112 | 2.36% | 4,745 |
| Woods | 2,835 | 60.95% | 1,735 | 37.30% | 81 | 1.74% | 1,100 | 23.65% | 4,651 |
| Woodward | 4,996 | 66.68% | 2,408 | 32.14% | 89 | 1.19% | 2,588 | 34.54% | 7,493 |
| Totals | 678,367 | 57.93% | 483,423 | 41.28% | 9,246 | 0.79% | 194,944 | 16.65% | 1,171,036 |
Discover more about Results related topics
Slates of Electors
Democrat: Lou Rogers Watkins, M. David Riggs, Loretta Y. Jackson, Fred L. Boettcher, C. Pat Frank, Randy L. Beutler, Neil McElderry Jr, Demetrius Bereolos
Republican: Ron Collett, Lavelle Dennis, Mary Lou Mathis, Joyce Perring, Art Rubin, Susan Kay Schroeder, Rosemary Tarr, Dorothy Zumwalt
New Alliance: Sandra Williams, Susanne Michelle Adams, Carol J. Mizell, Toni A. Zucconi, Tania Ann Zucconi, Rhonda K. Tsotigh, Jeffrey L. Fuller, Carl Jonathan Wood
Libertarian: F. G. Litzaw, Brian W. Holk, G. Dennis Garland, Paul O. Woodward, Mary E. Laurent, Debby L. Wair, Whitney L. Boutin Jr, Michael A. Wair[4]
Source: "1988 United States presidential election in Oklahoma", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2022, October 10th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oklahoma.
Further Reading
1988 United States presidential election in Missouri
1988 United States presidential election in Florida
1988 United States presidential election in New Mexico
1988 United States presidential election in Alabama
1988 United States presidential election in Alaska
1988 United States presidential election in Arizona
1988 United States presidential election in Arkansas
1988 United States presidential election in Illinois
1988 United States presidential election in Kansas
1988 United States presidential election in Kentucky
1988 United States presidential election in Michigan
1988 United States presidential election in New Jersey
1988 United States presidential election in Ohio
1988 United States presidential election in South Dakota
1988 United States presidential election in Tennessee
1988 United States presidential election in Virginia
1988 United States presidential election in Hawaii
1988 United States presidential election in Washington (state)
References
- ^ "1988 Presidential General Election Results – Oklahoma". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 2013-07-21.
- ^ "Since 1980s, the Kindest of Tax Cuts for the Rich". The New York Times. 2012-01-18. Retrieved 2013-07-21.
- ^ Jerry Lanson (2008-11-06). "A historic victory. A changed nation. Now, can Obama deliver?". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2013-07-21.
- ^ "Elections of 1988 - General Election, November 8, 1988" (PDF). Oklahoma State Election Board.
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