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1920 United States presidential election in Oklahoma

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1920 United States presidential election in Oklahoma

← 1916 November 2, 1920 1924 →
  Warren G Harding-Harris & Ewing crop.jpg James M. Cox 1920.jpg Debs penitentiary.jpg
Nominee Warren G. Harding James M. Cox Eugene V. Debs
Party Republican Democratic Socialist
Home state Ohio Ohio Indiana
Running mate Calvin Coolidge Franklin D. Roosevelt Seymour Stedman
Electoral vote 10 0 0
Popular vote 243,831 217,053 25,726
Percentage 50.11% 44.61% 5.29%

Oklahoma Presidential Election Results 1920.svg
County Results

President before election

Woodrow Wilson
Democratic

Elected President

Warren G. Harding
Republican

The 1920 United States presidential election in Oklahoma took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose ten representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

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1920 United States presidential election

1920 United States presidential election

The 1920 United States presidential election was the 34th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 2, 1920. In the first election held after the end of World War I and the first election after the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, Republican Senator Warren G. Harding of Ohio defeated Democratic Governor James M. Cox of Ohio. Both major-party vice-presidential nominees would later succeed to the Presidency: Calvin Coolidge (Republican) upon Harding's death in 1923 and Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democratic) after defeating Republican President Herbert Hoover in 1932. This was one of only six presidential elections where both major candidates had the same home state, and one of only two such elections where that state was not New York.

United States Electoral College

United States Electoral College

The United States Electoral College is the group of presidential electors required by the Constitution to form every four years for the sole purpose of appointing the president and vice president. Each state and the District of Columbia appoints electors pursuant to the methods described by its legislature, equal in number to its congressional delegation. Federal office holders, including senators and representatives, cannot be electors. Of the current 538 electors, an absolute majority of 270 or more electoral votes is required to elect the president and vice president. If no candidate achieves an absolute majority there, a contingent election is held by the House of Representatives to elect the president and by the Senate to elect the vice president.

President of the United States

President of the United States

The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces.

Vice President of the United States

Vice President of the United States

The vice president of the United States (VPOTUS) is the second-highest officer in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government, after the president of the United States, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession. The vice president is also an officer in the legislative branch, as the president of the Senate. In this capacity, the vice president is empowered to preside over Senate deliberations at any time, but may not vote except to cast a tie-breaking vote. The vice president is indirectly elected together with the president to a four-year term of office by the people of the United States through the Electoral College. Since the passage of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the US Constitution, the vice president may also be appointed by the president to fill a vacancy, via majority confirmation by both the Senate and the House.

Background and vote

In its early years, Oklahoma was a “Solid South” Democratic state whose founding fathers like "Alfalfa Bill" Murray and Charles N. Haskell had disfranchised most of its black population via literacy tests and grandfather clauses,[1] the latter of which would be declared unconstitutional in Guinn v. United States.[2] Partly owing to the absence of the poll taxes found in other Southern states due to the strength of populism amongst the state’s white settlers,[3] the state became a stronghold of the Socialist Party in the 1910s, especially in the southeast and the northwestern Plains.

However, despite being less stridently isolationist than states further north in the Great Plains,[4] Oklahoma was nonetheless caught up in the hostility towards President Wilson and his various foreign policy proposals, as well as his inability to deal with large-scale domestic conflict.[5] In early polls this was thought insufficient to split the state from the “Solid South”, but as it turned out a large swing caused the Democrats to lose the state, alongside Tennessee, for the first break in the “Solid South” since Reconstruction. The Republicans also elected a Senator and five Congressmen, so strong was the hostility towards Wilson.[6]

Oklahoma voted for the Republican nominee, Ohio Senator Warren G. Harding, over the Democratic nominee, Ohio Governor James M. Cox and Socialist nominee Eugene V. Debs of Indiana. Harding ran with Massachusetts Governor Calvin Coolidge, while Cox ran with Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt of New York and Debs ran with Seymour Stedman of Illinois. Harding won the state by a margin of 5.5 percentage points. As a result of his win, Harding became the first Republican presidential candidate to win Oklahoma. This was the only election until 2008 in which Oklahoma did not vote the same way as Virginia.

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Oklahoma

Oklahoma

Oklahoma is a state in the South Central region of the United States, bordered by Texas on the south and west, Kansas on the north, Missouri on the northeast, Arkansas on the east, New Mexico on the west, and Colorado on the northwest. Partially in the western extreme of the Upland South, it is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the 50 United States. Its residents are known as Oklahomans and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City.

Charles N. Haskell

Charles N. Haskell

Charles Nathaniel Haskell was an American lawyer, oilman, and politician who was the first governor of Oklahoma. As a delegate to Oklahoma's constitutional convention in 1906, he played a crucial role in drafting the Oklahoma Constitution and gaining Oklahoma's admission into the United States as the 46th state in 1907. A prominent businessman in Muskogee, he helped the city grow in importance. He represented the city as a delegate in both the 1906 Oklahoma convention and an earlier convention in 1905 that was a failed attempt to create a U.S. state of Sequoyah.

Guinn v. United States

Guinn v. United States

Guinn v. United States, 238 U.S. 347 (1915), was a United States Supreme Court decision that found certain grandfather clause exemptions to literacy tests for voting rights to be unconstitutional. Though these grandfather clauses were superficially race-neutral, they were designed to protect the voting rights of illiterate white voters while disenfranchising black voters.

Poll taxes in the United States

Poll taxes in the United States

A poll tax is a tax of a fixed sum on every liable individual, without reference to income or resources. Although often associated with states of the former Confederate States of America, poll taxes were also in place in some northern and western states, including California, Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont and Wisconsin. Poll taxes had been a major source of government funding among the colonies which formed the United States. Poll taxes made up from one-third to one-half of the tax revenue of colonial Massachusetts. Various privileges of citizenship, including voter registration or issuance of driving licenses and resident hunting and fishing licenses, were conditioned on payment of poll taxes to encourage the collection of this tax revenue. Property taxes assumed a larger share of tax revenues as land values rose when population increases encouraged settlement of the American West. Some western states found no need for poll tax requirements; but poll taxes and payment incentives remained in eastern states, and some links to voter registration were modified following the American Civil War until court action following ratification of the 24th Amendment in 1964.

Choctaw Country

Choctaw Country

Choctaw Country is the Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation's official tourism designation for Southeastern Oklahoma. The name was previously Kiamichi Country until changed in honor of the Choctaw Nation headquartered there. The current definition of Choctaw Country includes ten counties, being Coal, Atoka, Bryan, Choctaw, McCurtain, Pushmataha, Le Flore, Latimer, Haskell, and Pittsburg counties. The department created the term as one of six designated travel regions within the state. However, other definitions of Southeastern Oklahoma may include additional counties.

1920 United States presidential election in Tennessee

1920 United States presidential election in Tennessee

The 1920 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States presidential election. Tennessee voters chose 12 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

List of United States senators from Ohio

List of United States senators from Ohio

Ohio was admitted to the Union on March 1, 1803, and elects U.S. senators to Class 1 and Class 3. Its current U.S. senators are Democrat Sherrod Brown and Republican J. D. Vance, making it one of six states to have a split United States Senate delegation; these states being Maine, Montana, Ohio itself, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. Not counting Vermont, where Independents have caucused with the Democrats since 2001, Ohio has had the longest current split delegation, having had two senators from the opposite parties since 2007. John Sherman was Ohio's longest-serving senator.

Democratic Party (United States)

Democratic Party (United States)

The Democratic Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States. Founded in 1828, it was predominantly built by Martin Van Buren, who assembled politicians in every state behind war hero Andrew Jackson, making it the world's oldest active political party. Its main political rival has been the Republican Party since the 1850s, with both parties being big tents of competing and often opposing viewpoints. Modern American liberalism — a variant of social liberalism — is the party's majority ideology. The party also has notable centrist, social democratic, and left-libertarian factions.

List of governors of Ohio

List of governors of Ohio

The governor of Ohio is the head of government of Ohio and the commander-in-chief of the U.S. state's military forces. The officeholder has a duty to enforce state laws, the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Ohio General Assembly, the power to convene the legislature and the power to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.

James M. Cox

James M. Cox

James Middleton Cox was an American businessman and politician who served as the 46th and 48th governor of Ohio, and a two-term U.S. Representative from Ohio. As the Democratic nominee for President of the United States at the 1920 presidential election, he lost in a landslide to fellow Ohioan Warren G. Harding. His running mate was future president Franklin D. Roosevelt. He founded the chain of newspapers that continues today as Cox Enterprises, a media conglomerate.

Eugene V. Debs

Eugene V. Debs

Eugene Victor Debs was an American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Through his presidential candidacies as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States.

Indiana

Indiana

Indiana is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th state on December 11, 1816. It is bordered by Lake Michigan to the northwest, Michigan to the north and northeast, Ohio to the east, the Ohio River and Kentucky to the south and southeast, and the Wabash River and Illinois to the west.

Results

1920 United States presidential election in Oklahoma[7]
Party Candidate Votes Percentage Electoral votes
Republican Warren G. Harding 243,831 50.11% 10
Democratic James M. Cox 217,053 44.61% 0
Socialist Eugene V. Debs 25,726 5.29% 0
Totals 486,610 100.00% 10

Results by county

County Warren Gamaliel Harding
Republican
James Middleton Cox
Democratic
Eugene Victor Debs
Socialist
Margin Total votes cast[8]
# % # % # % # %
Adair 2,181 57.99% 1,559 41.45% 21 0.56% 622 16.54% 3,761
Alfalfa 3,005 63.71% 1,350 28.62% 362 7.67% 1,655 35.09% 4,717
Atoka 2,081 43.19% 2,100 43.59% 637 13.22% -19 -0.39% 4,818
Beaver 1,973 59.99% 1,076 32.72% 240 7.30% 897 27.27% 3,289
Beckham 1,755 36.99% 2,347 49.46% 643 13.55% -592 -12.48% 4,745
Blaine 2,786 61.64% 1,296 28.67% 438 9.69% 1,490 32.96% 4,520
Bryan 3,127 38.83% 4,502 55.90% 424 5.27% -1,375 -17.07% 8,053
Caddo 4,823 53.17% 3,594 39.62% 654 7.21% 1,229 13.55% 9,071
Canadian 3,881 52.14% 3,268 43.90% 295 3.96% 613 8.23% 7,444
Carter 3,561 35.14% 5,997 59.18% 575 5.67% -2,436 -24.04% 10,133
Cherokee 2,524 56.48% 1,859 41.60% 86 1.92% 665 14.88% 4,469
Choctaw 2,094 42.67% 2,531 51.57% 283 5.77% -437 -8.90% 4,908
Cimarron 630 53.48% 465 39.47% 83 7.05% 165 14.01% 1,178
Cleveland 2,283 45.80% 2,397 48.08% 305 6.12% -114 -2.29% 4,985
Coal 1,744 43.63% 1,768 44.23% 485 12.13% -24 -0.60% 3,997
Comanche 3,332 49.18% 3,037 44.83% 406 5.99% 295 4.35% 6,775
Cotton 1,820 42.80% 2,260 53.15% 172 4.05% -440 -10.35% 4,252
Craig 3,094 50.88% 2,903 47.74% 84 1.38% 191 3.14% 6,081
Creek 7,948 56.88% 5,408 38.70% 618 4.42% 2,540 18.18% 13,974
Custer 3,224 55.22% 2,271 38.90% 343 5.88% 953 16.32% 5,838
Delaware 2,059 59.17% 1,282 36.84% 139 3.99% 777 22.33% 3,480
Dewey 1,738 51.76% 995 29.63% 625 18.61% 743 22.13% 3,358
Ellis 1,786 59.30% 845 28.05% 381 12.65% 941 31.24% 3,012
Garfield 6,611 60.89% 3,671 33.81% 576 5.30% 2,940 27.08% 10,858
Garvin 2,922 40.09% 4,093 56.15% 274 3.76% -1,171 -16.07% 7,289
Grady 3,403 41.71% 4,277 52.43% 478 5.86% -874 -10.71% 8,158
Grant 3,210 60.58% 1,883 35.54% 206 3.89% 1,327 25.04% 5,299
Greer 1,013 32.75% 1,854 59.94% 226 7.31% -841 -27.19% 3,093
Harmon 643 34.18% 1,123 59.70% 115 6.11% -480 -25.52% 1,881
Harper 1,404 60.03% 753 32.19% 182 7.78% 651 27.83% 2,339
Haskell 2,673 52.67% 2,201 43.37% 201 3.96% 472 9.30% 5,075
Hughes 3,049 45.60% 3,487 52.15% 150 2.24% -438 -6.55% 6,686
Jackson 1,345 30.18% 2,694 60.46% 417 9.36% -1,349 -30.27% 4,456
Jefferson 1,733 39.36% 2,289 51.99% 381 8.65% -556 -12.63% 4,403
Johnston 1,950 43.73% 2,117 47.48% 392 8.79% -167 -3.75% 4,459
Kay 5,959 55.50% 4,546 42.34% 231 2.15% 1,413 13.16% 10,736
Kingfisher 3,220 61.77% 1,744 33.45% 249 4.78% 1,476 28.31% 5,213
Kiowa 2,649 47.22% 2,518 44.88% 443 7.90% 131 2.34% 5,610
Latimer 1,410 47.94% 1,200 40.80% 331 11.25% 210 7.14% 2,941
Le Flore 4,934 54.32% 3,764 41.44% 386 4.25% 1,170 12.88% 9,084
Lincoln 5,261 59.24% 2,980 33.55% 640 7.21% 2,281 25.68% 8,881
Logan 4,618 64.96% 2,209 31.07% 282 3.97% 2,409 33.89% 7,109
Love 711 28.16% 1,662 65.82% 152 6.02% -951 -37.66% 2,525
Major 1,921 60.01% 784 24.49% 496 15.50% 1,137 35.52% 3,201
Marshall 1,487 44.45% 1,589 47.50% 269 8.04% -102 -3.05% 3,345
Mayes 2,447 53.23% 1,987 43.22% 163 3.55% 460 10.01% 4,597
McClain 1,733 40.32% 2,315 53.86% 250 5.82% -582 -13.54% 4,298
McCurtain 1,966 40.23% 2,603 53.26% 318 6.51% -637 -13.03% 4,887
McIntosh 2,358 44.84% 2,642 50.24% 259 4.92% -284 -5.40% 5,259
Murray 1,362 42.21% 1,744 54.04% 121 3.75% -382 -11.84% 3,227
Muskogee 5,187 44.47% 6,378 54.68% 99 0.85% -1,191 -10.21% 11,664
Noble 2,467 59.69% 1,515 36.66% 151 3.65% 952 23.03% 4,133
Nowata 2,679 60.19% 1,697 38.13% 75 1.69% 982 22.06% 4,451
Okfuskee 1,760 48.19% 1,650 45.18% 242 6.63% 110 3.01% 3,652
Oklahoma 15,350 44.68% 17,820 51.86% 1,189 3.46% -2,470 -7.19% 34,359
Okmulgee 5,367 51.33% 4,495 42.99% 593 5.67% 872 8.34% 10,455
Osage 4,567 52.97% 3,801 44.08% 254 2.95% 766 8.88% 8,622
Ottawa 5,270 54.80% 3,974 41.33% 372 3.87% 1,296 13.48% 9,616
Pawnee 2,976 56.12% 1,955 36.87% 372 7.01% 1,021 19.25% 5,303
Payne 4,583 54.76% 3,238 38.69% 549 6.56% 1,345 16.07% 8,370
Pittsburg 5,371 47.17% 5,361 47.08% 655 5.75% 10 0.09% 11,387
Pontotoc 2,370 37.17% 3,800 59.60% 206 3.23% -1,430 -22.43% 6,376
Pottawatomie 5,355 47.56% 5,310 47.16% 595 5.28% 45 0.40% 11,260
Pushmataha 1,864 53.32% 1,365 39.04% 267 7.64% 499 14.27% 3,496
Roger Mills 1,193 46.75% 931 36.48% 428 16.77% 262 10.27% 2,552
Rogers 2,844 51.53% 2,459 44.56% 216 3.91% 385 6.98% 5,519
Seminole 3,382 60.73% 1,869 33.56% 318 5.71% 1,513 27.17% 5,569
Sequoyah 3,195 54.96% 2,505 43.09% 113 1.94% 690 11.87% 5,813
Stephens 2,035 39.16% 2,816 54.19% 346 6.66% -781 -15.03% 5,197
Texas 1,762 53.47% 1,398 42.43% 135 4.10% 364 11.05% 3,295
Tillman 1,539 35.48% 2,649 61.07% 150 3.46% -1,110 -25.59% 4,338
Tulsa 14,357 57.43% 10,025 40.10% 617 2.47% 4,332 17.33% 24,999
Wagoner 1,432 48.30% 1,375 46.37% 158 5.33% 57 1.92% 2,965
Washington 4,105 57.83% 2,805 39.51% 189 2.66% 1,300 18.31% 7,099
Washita 2,070 45.85% 2,125 47.07% 320 7.09% -55 -1.22% 4,515
Woods 2,827 60.32% 1,530 32.64% 330 7.04% 1,297 27.67% 4,687
Woodward 2,492 59.07% 1,437 34.06% 290 6.87% 1,055 25.01% 4,219
Totals 243,831[a] 50.11% 217,053[b] 44.61% 25,726[c] 5.29% 26,778 5.50% 486,610

Discover more about Results related topics

Adair County, Oklahoma

Adair County, Oklahoma

Adair County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 22,286. Its county seat is Stilwell. Adair County was named after the Adair family of the Cherokee tribe. One source says that the county was specifically named for Watt Adair, one of the first Cherokees to settle in the area.

Alfalfa County, Oklahoma

Alfalfa County, Oklahoma

Alfalfa County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 5,642. The county seat is Cherokee.

Atoka County, Oklahoma

Atoka County, Oklahoma

Atoka County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,007. Its county seat is Atoka. The county was formed before statehood from Choctaw Lands, and its name honors a Choctaw Chief named Atoka.

Beaver County, Oklahoma

Beaver County, Oklahoma

Beaver County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 5,636. The county seat is Beaver. The name was given because of the presence of many beaver dams on the Beaver River, which runs through the area. It is located in the Oklahoma Panhandle.

Beckham County, Oklahoma

Beckham County, Oklahoma

Beckham County is a county located on the western border of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 22,119. Its county seat is Sayre. Founded upon statehood in 1907, Beckham County was named for J. C. W. Beckham, who was Governor of Kentucky and the first popularly elected member of the United States Senate from Kentucky. Beckham County comprises the Elk City, OK Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Blaine County, Oklahoma

Blaine County, Oklahoma

Blaine County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,735. Its county seat is Watonga. Part of the Cheyenne-Arapaho land opening in 1892, the county had gained rail lines by the early 1900s and highways by the 1930s. The county was named for James G. Blaine, an American politician who was the Republican presidential candidate in 1884 and Secretary of State under President Benjamin Harrison.

Bryan County, Oklahoma

Bryan County, Oklahoma

Bryan County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 42,416. Its county seat is Durant. It is the only county in the United States named for Democratic politician William Jennings Bryan.

Caddo County, Oklahoma

Caddo County, Oklahoma

Caddo County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 29,600. Its county seat is Anadarko. Created in 1901 as part of Oklahoma Territory, the county is named for the Caddo tribe who were settled here on a reservation in the 1870s. Caddo County is immediately west of the seven-county Greater Oklahoma City metro area, and although is not officially in the metro area, it has many economic ties in this region.

Canadian County, Oklahoma

Canadian County, Oklahoma

Canadian County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 154,405, making it the fifth most populous county in Oklahoma. Its county seat is El Reno.

Carter County, Oklahoma

Carter County, Oklahoma

Carter County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 47,557. Its county seat is Ardmore. The county was named for Captain Ben W. Carter, a Cherokee who lived among the Chickasaw.

Cherokee County, Oklahoma

Cherokee County, Oklahoma

Cherokee County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 46,987. Its county seat is Tahlequah, which is also the capital of the Cherokee Nation.

Choctaw County, Oklahoma

Choctaw County, Oklahoma

Choctaw County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 15,205. Its county seat is Hugo.

Source: "1920 United States presidential election in Oklahoma", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2022, December 16th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oklahoma.

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Notes
  1. ^ The county totals sum to 243,840, although sources vary because the Senatorial vote has been used instead of the Presidential elector vote.[9]
  2. ^ The county totals sum to 216,122, although sources vary because the Senatorial vote has been used instead of the Presidential elector vote.[9]
  3. ^ The county totals sum to 25,716, although sources vary because the Senatorial vote has been used instead of the Presidential elector vote.[9]
References
  1. ^ Ewing, Cortez Arthur Milton; An Introduction to the Government of Oklahoma (1939), p. 72. Published by Americanism Committee, American Legion, Department of Oklahoma
  2. ^ Fairclough, Adam; Better Day Coming: Blacks and Equality, 1890-2000, p. 82 ISBN 0142001295
  3. ^ Finkelman, Paul; African-Americans and the right to vote (Garland Publishing, 1992), pp. 418, 438
  4. ^ Phillips, Kevin P.; The Emerging Republican Majority, pp. 420, 424 ISBN 9780691163246
  5. ^ Cooper, John Milton, junior; Breaking the Heart of the World: Woodrow Wilson and the Fight for the League of Nations, pp. 398-399 ISBN 9780521807869
  6. ^ Debo, Angie; And Still the Waters Run: The Betrayal of the Five Civilized Tribes, pp. 318-319 ISBN 9780691005782
  7. ^ "1920 Presidential General Election Results – Oklahoma". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 2013-08-02.
  8. ^ Scammon, Richard M. America at the Polls: A Handbook of Presidential Election Statistics, 1920-1964, pp. 357-358 ISBN 0405077114
  9. ^ a b c Scammon; America at the Polls, p. 369

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