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1908–09 United States Senate elections

From Wikipedia, in a visual modern way
1908–09 United States Senate elections
← 1906 & 1907 January 14, 1908 –
May 26, 1909		 1910 & 1911 →
31 of the 92 seats in the U.S. Senate
47 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
  Eugene Hale.jpg Charles Allen Culberson.jpg
Leader Eugene Hale[a]
(retired) 		Charles Culberson[b]
(retired)
Party Republican Democratic
Leader since March 4, 1907 March 4, 1903
Leader's seat Maine Texas
Seats before 61 31
Seats won 16 13
Seats after 60 32
Seat change Decrease 1 Increase 1
Seats up 18 13
1908-1909 United States Senate elections results map.svg
Results of the elections:
     Democratic gain      Democratic hold
     Republican gain      Republican hold
Majority conference chairman before election

William B. Allison
Republican

Elected Majority conference chairman

Eugene Hale
Republican

The 1908–09 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were primarily chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1906 and 1907, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] However, some states had already begun direct elections during this time. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election.

The 31 Class 3 seats were up for election, as well as various special elections to fill vacancies or confirm appointments. The Republicans lost two seats overall.

In Illinois and Florida, the legislature failed to elect until after the beginning of the 61st Congress on March 4.

Discover more about 1908–09 United States Senate elections related topics

United States Senate

United States Senate

The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States.

Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established the direct election of United States senators in each state. The amendment supersedes Article I, Section 3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were elected by state legislatures. It also alters the procedure for filling vacancies in the Senate, allowing for state legislatures to permit their governors to make temporary appointments until a special election can be held.

State legislature (United States)

State legislature (United States)

A state legislature in the United States is the legislative body of any of the 50 U.S. states. The formal name varies from state to state. In 27 states, the legislature is simply called the Legislature or the State Legislature, while in 19 states the legislature is called the General Assembly. In Massachusetts and New Hampshire, the legislature is called the General Court, while North Dakota and Oregon designate the legislature the Legislative Assembly.

Gridlock (politics)

Gridlock (politics)

In politics, gridlock or deadlock or political stalemate is a situation when there is difficulty passing laws that satisfy the needs of the people. A government is gridlocked when the ratio between bills passed and the agenda of the legislature decreases. Gridlock can occur when two legislative houses, or the executive branch and the legislature are controlled by different political parties, or otherwise cannot agree.

Oregon

Oregon

Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Oregon is a part of the Western United States, with the Columbia River delineating much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idaho. The 42° north parallel delineates the southern boundary with California and Nevada. The western boundary is formed by the Pacific Ocean.

Nebraska

Nebraska

Nebraska is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Kansas to the south; Colorado to the southwest; and Wyoming to the west. It is the only triply landlocked U.S. state.

Primary election

Primary election

Primary elections, or direct primary are a voting process by which voters can indicate their preference for their party's candidate, or a candidate in general, in an upcoming general election, local election, or by-election. Depending on the country and administrative divisions within the country, voters might consist of the general public in what is called an open primary, or solely the members of a political party in what is called a closed primary. In addition to these, there are other variants on primaries that are used by many countries holding elections throughout the world.

General election

General election

A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections . In most systems, a general election is a regularly scheduled election where both a head of government, and either "a class" or all members of a legislature are elected at the same time. Occasionally, dates for general elections may align with dates of elections within different administrative divisions, such as a local election.

Classes of United States senators

Classes of United States senators

The 100 seats in the United States Senate are divided into three classes for the purpose of determining which seats will be up for election in any two-year cycle, with only one class being up for election at a time. With senators being elected to fixed terms of six years, the classes allow about a third of the seats to be up for election in any presidential or midterm election year instead of having all 100 be up for election at the same time every six years. The seats are also divided in such a way that any given state's two senators are in different classes so that each seat's term ends in different years. Class 1 and 2 consist of 33 seats each, while class 3 consists of 34 seats. Elections for class 1 seats are scheduled to take place in 2024, class 2 in 2026, and the elections for class 3 seats in 2028.

61st United States Congress

61st United States Congress

The 61st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1909, to March 4, 1911, during the first two years of William H. Taft's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1900 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

Results summary

Senate party division, 61st Congress (1909–1911)

  • Majority party: Republican (60 seats)
  • Minority party: Democratic (32 seats)
  • Other parties: 0
  • Total seats: 92

Change in composition

Before the elections

After the January 21, 1908 special election in Rhode Island.

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6
D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7
D17 D18 D19
Ran 		D20
Ran 		D21
Ran 		D22
Ran 		D23
Ran 		D24
Ran 		D25
Ran 		D26
Ran
R57
Ran 		R58
Ran 		R59
Ran 		R60
Retired 		R61
Retired 		D31
Retired 		D30
Retired 		D29
Retired 		D28
Unknown 		D27
Ran
R56
Ran 		R55
Ran 		R54
Ran 		R53
Ran 		R52
Ran 		R51
Ran 		R50
Ran 		R49
Ran 		R48
Ran 		R47
Ran
Majority →
R37 R38 R39 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44
Ran 		R45
Ran 		R46
Ran
R36 R35 R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27
R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26
R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6

Result of the general elections

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6
D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7
D17 D18 D19
Re-elected 		D20
Re-elected 		D21
Re-elected 		D22
Re-elected 		D23
Re-elected 		D24
Re-elected 		D25
Re-elected 		D26
Re-elected
R57
Hold 		R58
Hold 		R59
Gain 		V1
R loss 		V2
D loss 		D31
Gain 		D30
Gain 		D29
Hold 		D28
Hold 		D27
Hold
R56
Hold 		R55
Hold 		R54
Hold 		R53
Re-elected 		R52
Re-elected 		R51
Re-elected 		R50
Re-elected 		R49
Re-elected 		R48
Re-elected 		R47
Re-elected
Majority due to vacancies→ R46
Re-elected
R37 R38 R39 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44
Re-elected 		R45
Re-elected
R36 R35 R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27
R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26
R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6
Key:
D# Democratic
R# Republican
V# Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 60th Congress

In this election, the winner was seated in 1908 before March 4; ordered by state.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Maryland
(Class 3) 		William P. Whyte Democratic 1906 (Appointed) Interim appointee elected January 14, 1908.[2][3]
Rhode Island
(Class 2) 		Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.
New senator elected January 21, 1908.[2]
Republican gain.
South Carolina
(Class 3) 		Asbury Latimer Democratic 1903 Incumbent died February 20, 1908.
New senator elected March 6, 1908.[2]
Democratic hold.
Winner did not run for the next term, see below.
Maryland
(Class 3) 		William P. Whyte Democratic 1906 (Appointed)
1908 		Incumbent died March 17, 1908.
New senator elected March 24, 1908,[2][3] having already been elected to the next term, see below.
Democratic hold.
Vermont
(Class 1) 		John W. Stewart Republican 1908 (Appointed) Incumbent retired.
New senator elected October 20, 1908.[2]
Republican hold.
Iowa
(Class 3) 		William B. Allison Republican 1872
1878
1884
1890
1896
1902 		Incumbent renominated for the next term but died August 4, 1908.
New senator elected November 24, 1908.
Republican hold.
Winner was later elected to the next term, see below.

In this election, the winner was elected three years early, to be seated in the 62nd Congress starting March 4, 1911.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Mississippi
(Class 1) 		Hernando Money Democratic 1897 (Appointed)
1899
1904 		Incumbent retired.
New senator elected early January 21, 1908.[2]
Democratic hold.

Races leading to the 61st Congress

In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1909; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Alabama Edmund Pettus Democratic 1903 Incumbent re-elected early January 22, 1907.[4]
Winner died July 27, 1907 and new senator elected early August 6, 1907.[4] 		January 22, 1907:
August 6, 1907:
Arkansas James P. Clarke Democratic 1903 Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1909.[5][6][7]
California George Perkins Republican 1895 (special)
1897
1903 		Incumbent re-elected January 12, 1909.[8]
Colorado Henry M. Teller Democratic 1885
1891
1897
1903 		Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 19, 1909.[5][6][7]
Democratic hold.
Connecticut Frank B. Brandegee Republican 1905 (special) Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1909.[5][6][7]
Florida William Milton Democratic 1908 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired.
Legislature failed to elect.
Democratic loss.
New senator appointed to start the term, and subsequently elected, see below. 		None
Georgia Alexander S. Clay Democratic 1896
1902 		Incumbent re-elected July 6, 1909.[5]
Idaho Weldon Heyburn Republican 1903 Incumbent re-elected January 12, 1909.[5]
Illinois Albert J. Hopkins Republican 1903 Incumbent renominated but couldn't secure the full support of his party.
Legislature failed to elect.
Republican loss.
Seat remained vacant until May 26, 1909, see below.[9]
Indiana James A. Hemenway Republican 1905 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected January 20, 1909.[5]
Democratic gain.
Iowa Albert B. Cummins Republican 1908 Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1909.[5]
Kansas Chester I. Long Republican 1903 Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected January 26, 1909.[5][6][7]
Republican hold.
Kentucky James B. McCreary Democratic 1902 Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected February 28, 1908.[2]
Republican gain.
Louisiana Samuel D. McEnery Democratic 1896
1900 (Early) 		Incumbent re-elected May 19, 1908.[10][2]
Maryland William P. Whyte Democratic 1906 (Appointed) Interim appointee either retired or lost election to the next term.
New senator elected January 15, 1908.[2]
Democratic hold.
Missouri William J. Stone Democratic 1903 Incumbent re-elected January 20, 1909.[5]
Nevada Francis G. Newlands Democratic 1903 Incumbent re-elected January 26, 1909.[5]
New Hampshire Jacob Gallinger Republican 1891
1897
1903 		Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1909.[6][7][11]
New York Thomas C. Platt Republican 1881
1881 (Resigned)
1897
1903 		Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 19, 1909.[12][13]
Republican hold.
North Carolina Lee S. Overman Democratic 1903 Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1909.[6][7][12]
North Dakota Henry C. Hansbrough Republican 1891
1897
1903 		Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected January 19, 1909.[12]
Republican hold.
Ohio Joseph B. Foraker Republican 1896
1902 		Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 12, 1909.[12][14]
Republican hold.
Oklahoma Thomas Gore Democratic 1907 Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1909.[6][7][12]
Oregon Charles W. Fulton Republican 1903 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected January 19, 1909.[6][7][12]
Democratic gain.
Pennsylvania Boies Penrose Republican 1897
1903 		Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1909.[6][7]
South Carolina Frank B. Gary Democratic 1908 (special) Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 26, 1909.[12]
Democratic hold.
South Dakota Alfred B. Kittredge Republican 1901 (Appointed)
1903 (special)
1903 		Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected January 19, 1909.
Republican hold.[12]
Utah Reed Smoot Republican 1903 Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1909.[6][7][12]
Vermont William P. Dillingham Republican 1900 (special)
1902 		Incumbent re-elected October 20, 1908.[2]
Washington Levi Ankeny Republican 1903 Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected January 19, 1909.[6][7][12]
Republican hold.
Wisconsin Isaac Stephenson Republican 1907 (special) Incumbent re-elected January 27, 1909.
Legislature failed to declare the result and ordered a new election.
Incumbent was finally re-elected March 4, 1909 after many ballots.[12]

Elections during the 61st Congress

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1909 after March 4; ordered by date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Pennsylvania
(Class 1) 		Philander C. Knox Republican 1904 (Appointed)
1905 (special)
1905 		Incumbent resigned March 4, 1909 to become U.S. Secretary of State.
New senator elected March 16, 1909.[5]
Republican hold.
Florida
(Class 3) 		Duncan U. Fletcher Democratic 1909 (Appointed) Interim appointee elected April 20, 1909.
Illinois
(Class 3) 		Vacant Legislature had failed to elect, see above.
New senator elected May 26, 1909.[5]
Republican gain.

Discover more about Race summaries related topics

William Pinkney Whyte

William Pinkney Whyte

William Pinkney Whyte, a member of the United States Democratic Party, was a politician who served the State of Maryland as a State Delegate, the State Comptroller, a United States Senator, the 35th Governor, the Mayor of Baltimore, Maryland, and the State Attorney General.

George P. Wetmore

George P. Wetmore

George Peabody Wetmore was an American politician who was the 37th Governor of, and a Senator from, Rhode Island.

Robert Hale Ives Goddard

Robert Hale Ives Goddard

Robert Hale Ives Goddard was a prominent banker, industrialist, U.S. Army officer, state senator and philanthropist.

Samuel P. Colt

Samuel P. Colt

Samuel Pomeroy Colt was an industrialist and politician from Rhode Island. He formed the United States Rubber Company, later called Uniroyal and the largest rubber company in the nation.

Asbury Latimer

Asbury Latimer

Asbury Churchwell Latimer was a United States representative and Senator from South Carolina. Born near Lowndesville, South Carolina, he attended the common schools, engaged in agricultural pursuits, and in 1880 moved to Belton, South Carolina and devoted his time to farming.

1903 United States Senate election in South Carolina

1903 United States Senate election in South Carolina

The 1903 South Carolina United States Senate election, held January 27, 1903 to select the U.S. senator from the state of South Carolina, was predetermined by the Democratic Party primary election held on August 26, 1902, and September 9. Democrats were so overwhelmingly dominant that their nomination was tantamount to the general election.

Frank B. Gary

Frank B. Gary

Frank Boyd Gary was a United States senator from South Carolina. Born in Cokesbury, South Carolina, he attended the Cokesbury Conference School and Union College. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Abbeville, South Carolina in 1881. From 1890 to 1900 he was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives, serving as speaker from 1895 to 1900. He was a delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1895 and was a member of the State house of representatives in 1906.

John Walter Smith

John Walter Smith

John Walter Smith, was an American politician and a member of the Democratic Party in the United States, held several public offices representing the state of Maryland. From 1899 to 1900, he was a U.S. congressman for the 1st district of Maryland; from 1900 to 1904, he was the 44th Governor of Maryland; and from 1908 to 1921, he served in the U.S. Senate, first as the junior senator for Maryland, and from November 1912 as the senior senator.

John Wolcott Stewart

John Wolcott Stewart

John Wolcott Stewart was an American lawyer and politician from Vermont. He served as Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives and as the 33rd governor of Vermont before serving in the United States House of Representatives and briefly in the United States Senate.

Carroll S. Page

Carroll S. Page

Carroll Smalley Page was an American businessman and politician. He served as the 43rd governor of Vermont and a United States senator.

Vernon A. Bullard

Vernon A. Bullard

Vernon A. Bullard was a Vermont attorney and public official. He was notable for his service as United States Attorney for the District of Vermont from 1916 to 1923.

William B. Allison

William B. Allison

William Boyd Allison was an American politician. An early leader of the Iowa Republican Party, he represented northeastern Iowa in the United States House of Representatives before representing his state in the United States Senate. By the 1890s, Allison had become one of the "big four" key Republicans who largely controlled the Senate, along with Orville H. Platt of Connecticut, John Coit Spooner of Wisconsin and Nelson W. Aldrich of Rhode Island.

Maryland

Maryland (special)

William Pinkney Whyte was elected by an unknown margin, for the Class 3 seat.[15]

Maryland (regular)

William Pinkney Whyte died, and John Walter Smith was elected by an unknown margin, for the Class 3 seat.[16]

New York

Main article: 1909 United States Senate election in New York
See also: List of United States senators from New York

The election was held on January 19, 1909, by the New York State Legislature. Republican Thomas C. Platt had been re-elected to this seat in 1903, and his term would expire on March 3, 1909. At the State election in November 1908, 35 Republicans and 16 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1909–1910) in the state senate; and 99 Republicans and 51 Democrats were elected for the session of 1909 to the Assembly. The 132nd New York State Legislature met from January 5 to April 30, 1909, at Albany, New York.

The Republican caucus met on January 18. State Senator J. Mayhew Wainwright presided. The caucus nominated U.S. Secretary of State Elihu Root unanimously. Root was the choice of President Theodore Roosevelt. President pro tempore of the State Senate John Raines lauded warmly Root's nomination, eulogized the retiring U.S. Senator Platt, and declared war on Governor Charles Evans Hughes's reforms.[17] The Democratic caucus met also on January 18. They nominated Ex-Lieutenant Governor Lewis S. Chanler unanimously. Chanler had been elected lieutenant governor in 1906 on the Democratic/Independence League ticket, and had served under Republican governor Hughes. Chanler had just been defeated when running against Hughes for governor in November 1908.[17]

Elihu Root was the choice of both the Assembly and the state senate, and was declared elected.[18]

House Republican Democratic
State Senate
(50 members) 		Green tickY Elihu Root 35 Lewis S. Chanler 15
State Assembly
(150 members) 		Green tickY Elihu Root 90 Lewis S. Chanler 30

Note: The votes were cast on January 19, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 20 to compare nominations, and declare the result.

Discover more about New York related topics

1909 United States Senate election in New York

1909 United States Senate election in New York

The 1909 United States Senate election in New York was held on January 19, 1909, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.

List of United States senators from New York

List of United States senators from New York

Below is a list of U.S. senators who have represented the State of New York in the United States Senate since 1789. The date of the start of the tenure is either the first day of the legislative term, or the day when they took the seat. New York's current U.S. senators are Democrats Chuck Schumer and Kirsten Gillibrand.

1903 United States Senate election in New York

1903 United States Senate election in New York

The 1903 United States Senate election in New York was held on January 20, 1903, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.

1908 New York state election

1908 New York state election

The 1908 New York state election was held on November 3, 1908, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the Secretary of State, the state comptroller, the attorney general, the state treasurer, the state engineer and a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.

132nd New York State Legislature

132nd New York State Legislature

The 132nd New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 6 to April 30, 1909, during the third year of Charles Evans Hughes's governorship, in Albany.

Albany, New York

Albany, New York

Albany is the capital city of the U.S. state of New York and the seat of Albany County. It is located on the west bank of the Hudson River, about 10 miles (16 km) south of its confluence with the Mohawk River, and about 135 miles (220 km) north of New York City.

J. Mayhew Wainwright

J. Mayhew Wainwright

Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright was an American lawyer and politician from New York. He was the United States Assistant Secretary of War from 1921 to 1923.

Elihu Root

Elihu Root

Elihu Root was an American lawyer, Republican politician, and statesman who served as the 41st U.S. Secretary of War and 38th U.S. Secretary of State. He also served as the United States Senator from New York and received the 1912 Nobel Peace Prize. Root is sometimes considered the prototype of the 20th century political "wise man," advising presidents on a range of foreign and domestic issues.

John Raines

John Raines

John Raines was an American lawyer and politician from New York. He authored the 1896 Raines Law, which prohibited liquor sales on Sundays, except in hotels, which had the unintended consequence of fostering prostitution.

Charles Evans Hughes

Charles Evans Hughes

Charles Evans Hughes Sr. was an American statesman, politician, Cornell Law School Professor, and jurist who served as the 11th Chief Justice of the United States from 1930 to 1941. A member of the Republican Party, he previously was the 36th Governor of New York (1907–1910), an associate justice of the Supreme Court (1910–1916), and 44th U.S. Secretary of State (1921–1925), as well as the Republican nominee for President of the United States who lost a very close 1916 presidential election to Woodrow Wilson. Had Hughes won, he would have become the first former Supreme Court justice to be elected president.

Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler

Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler

Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler was an American lawyer and politician who served as Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1907 to 1908.

1906 New York state election

1906 New York state election

The 1906 New York state election was held on November 6, 1906, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the Secretary of State, the state comptroller, the attorney general, the state treasurer and the state engineer, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.

Pennsylvania

See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania (regular)

Main article: 1909 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

The regularly-scheduled general election in Pennsylvania was held January 19, 1909. Boies Penrose was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly. This was the last Class III U.S. Senate election to be decided by the Pennsylvania General Assembly before the ratification of the 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which mandated direct election of U.S. Senators.[19]

The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 19, 1909, to elect a senator to fill the term beginning on March 4, 1909. Incumbent Republican Boies Penrose, who was elected in 1897 and re-elected in 1903, was a successful candidate for re-election to another term. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:

State Legislature Results[19]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Boies Penrose (Incumbent) 198 77.04%
Democratic George M. Dimeling 42 16.34%
Republican Edwin S. Stuart 2 0.78%
Republican John O. Sheatz 1 0.39%
Democratic William Potter 1 0.39%
N/A Not voting 13 5.06%
Totals 257 100.00%

Pennsylvania (special)

Main article: 1909 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania

A special election was held March 16, 1909. George T. Oliver was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly.[20]

Republican Philander C. Knox was appointed to the Senate in June 1904 after the death of Matthew Quay. Knox was subsequently elected to a full term in the Senate by the Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, in January 1905. Knox served in the U.S. Senate until his resignation on March 4, 1909, to become United States Secretary of State in the William Howard Taft administration, leaving the seat vacant until a successor was elected.[21]

Following Knox's resignation, the Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on March 16, 1909, to elect a new senator to fill the vacancy. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:

State Legislature Results[20][22]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George T. Oliver 201 78.21
Democratic Webster Grim 39 15.18
Republican Nathaniel Ewing 1 0.39
N/A Not voting 16 6.23
Totals 257 100.00%

Discover more about Pennsylvania related topics

List of United States senators from Pennsylvania

List of United States senators from Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania ratified the United States Constitution on December 12, 1787, and elects its U.S. senators to Class 1 and Class 3. Officeholders are popularly elected, for a six-year term, beginning January 3. Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1. Before 1914, they were chosen by the Pennsylvania General Assembly; before 1935, their terms began March 4. The state's current U.S. senators are Democrats Bob Casey Jr. and John Fetterman. Arlen Specter was Pennsylvania's longest-serving senator (1981–2011).

1909 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

1909 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

The 1909 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on January 19, 1909. Boies Penrose was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate. This was the last Class III U.S. Senate election to be decided by the Pennsylvania General Assembly before the ratification of the 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which mandated direct election of U.S. Senators.

Boies Penrose

Boies Penrose

Boies Penrose was an American lawyer and Republican politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania General Assembly

Pennsylvania General Assembly

The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the legislature of the U.S. commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The legislature convenes in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg. In colonial times (1682–1776), the legislature was known as the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly and was unicameral. Since the Constitution of 1776, the legislature has been known as the General Assembly. The General Assembly became a bicameral legislature in 1791.

Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established the direct election of United States senators in each state. The amendment supersedes Article I, Section 3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which senators were elected by state legislatures. It also alters the procedure for filling vacancies in the Senate, allowing for state legislatures to permit their governors to make temporary appointments until a special election can be held.

Direct election

Direct election

Direct election is a system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the persons or political party that they desire to see elected.

Pennsylvania House of Representatives

Pennsylvania House of Representatives

The Pennsylvania House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, the legislature of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. There are 203 members, elected for two-year terms from single member districts.

Pennsylvania State Senate

Pennsylvania State Senate

The Pennsylvania State Senate is the upper house of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, the Pennsylvania state legislature. The State Senate meets in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg. Senators are elected for four-year terms, staggered every two years such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even numbered seats and odd numbered seats are contested in separate election years. The president pro tempore of the Senate becomes the lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania in the event of the sitting lieutenant governor's removal, resignation or death. In this case the president pro tempore and lieutenant governor would be the same person. The Pennsylvania Senate has been meeting since 1791.

Republican Party (United States)

Republican Party (United States)

The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States. The GOP was founded in 1854 by anti-slavery activists who opposed the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which allowed for the potential expansion of chattel slavery into the western territories. It has been the main political rival of the Democratic Party since the mid-1850s. Like them, the Republican Party is a big tent of competing and often opposing ideologies. Presently, the Republican Party contains prominent conservative, centrist, populist, and right-libertarian factions.

1897 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

1897 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

The 1897 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on January 19, 1897. Boies Penrose was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.

1903 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

1903 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

The 1903 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on January 20, 1903. Boies Penrose was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.

Edwin Sydney Stuart

Edwin Sydney Stuart

Edwin Sydney Stuart was an American politician who served as the Mayor of Philadelphia from 1891 to 1895 and as the 24th governor of Pennsylvania from 1907 to 1911.

Source: "1908–09 United States Senate elections", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, March 7th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908–09_United_States_Senate_elections.

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Further Reading

List of United States senators from Georgia

List of United States senators from Kentucky

1910–11 United States Senate elections

1909 United States Senate election in New York

1896–97 United States Senate elections

1868–69 United States Senate elections

1876–77 United States Senate elections

1898–99 United States Senate elections

1900–01 United States Senate elections

1904–05 United States Senate elections

1906–07 United States Senate elections

1892–93 United States Senate elections

1866–67 United States Senate elections

1860–61 United States Senate elections

1909 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania

1913 United States Senate special election in Maryland

1911 United States Senate election in New Jersey

1913 United States Senate election in Massachusetts
See also
Notes
  1. ^ as Republican Conference Chairman
  2. ^ as Democratic Conference Chairman
  3. ^ "James H. Hemenway" in source, probably "James A. Hemenway."[5]
  1. ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Tribune Almanac (1909), p. 315.
  3. ^ a b Byrd, p. 121.
  4. ^ a b c d Tribune Almanac (1908), p. 258.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Tribune Almanac (1910), p. 271.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "ELECTIONS IN OTHER STATES". The New York Times. January 20, 1909. p. 3.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "NAME CHAMBERLAIN AS OREGON SENATOR". The New York Times. January 20, 1909. p. 3.
  8. ^ a b "Perkins of California Re-elected". The New York Times. January 13, 1903. p. 5.
  9. ^ "HOPKINS FAILS IN ILLINOIS". The New York Times. January 20, 1909. p. 3.
  10. ^ "Senator McEnery Succeeds Himself". The New York Times. May 20, 1900. p. 2.
  11. ^ a b Tribune Almanac (1910), pp. 271–272.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Tribune Almanac (1910), p. 272.
  13. ^ "ROOT IS CHOSEN SENATOR". The New York Times. January 20, 1909. p. 3.
  14. ^ Walters, Everett (1948). Joseph Benson Foraker: An Uncompromising Republican. Columbus, Ohio: The Ohio History Press. pp. 283–284.
  15. ^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jun 08, 1906". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
  16. ^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1908". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
  17. ^ a b "ROOT IS CHOSEN FOR U.S. SENATOR; ...Democrats Choose Chanler" (PDF). The New York Times. January 19, 1909.
  18. ^ "ROOT IS CHOSEN SENATOR" (PDF). The New York Times. January 20, 1909.
  19. ^ a b "U.S. Senate Election - 19 January 1909" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
  20. ^ a b "U.S. Senate Election - 17 March 1909" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  21. ^ "KNOX, Philander Chase, (1853 - 1921)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  22. ^ "PA US Senate - Special Election". OurCampaigns. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
References
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